{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:27:02Z","timestamp":1760243222367,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the design of a high-efficiency vehicular roof-mounted antenna for wireless access for vehicular environment (WAVE) communication systems used for ubiquitous intelligent systems. The main objective of the ubiquitous intelligent system\u2019s automotive IT technology is to enhance the connectivity among vehicles to ensure seamless communication and to reduce the initial access time using  high-performance antenna systems. The efficiency of WAVE communication systems used for ubiquitous intelligent systems depends on the antenna efficiency. The proposed vehicular antenna for WAVE communication systems shows an improvement of approximately 4.77 dB in the return loss, as compared with a conventional antenna system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info5040602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]],"date-time":"2014-11-12T11:53:07Z","timestamp":1415793187000},"page":"602-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficiency Improvement of Vehicular Antenna Systems for Ubiquitous Intelligent Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kyubong","family":"Yeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Cheonan-si, 303 Pungse-ro, Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 303-921, Korea"}]},{"given":"Duho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Cheonan-si, 303 Pungse-ro, Pungse-myeon, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 303-921, Korea"}]},{"given":"Byeongwoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan University, 93 Daehak-ro, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749 Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2010). IEEE Std 802. IEEE standard for information technology\u2014Telecommunications and information exchange between systems\u2014Local and metropolitan area networks\u2014Specific requirements\u2014Part 11: Wireless lan medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications amendment 6: Wireless access in vehicular environments."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Bishop, R. (2005). Intelligent Vehicle Technology and Trends, Artech House."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2013.2287257","article-title":"ITS for sustainable mobility: A survey on applications and impact assessment tools","volume":"15","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. 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Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference-Spring, Singapore, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/VETECS.2008.458"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daginnus, M., Kronberger, R., Stephan, A., Hassmann, G.H., Lindenmeier, H., Hopf, J., and Reiter, L. (2002, January 4\u20137). SDARS-Antennas: Environmental influences, measurement, vehicle application investigations and field experiences. Proceedings of SAE 2002 World Congress, Detroit, MI, USA.","DOI":"10.4271\/2002-01-0120"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Patrich, L. (2003). FCC Adopts Rules for Intelligent Transportation Systems to Advance Homeland Security and Traveler Safety, FCC News Media Information."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Matsugatani, K., Research Laboratories, and DENSO CORPORATION (2004, January 18\u201322). Seamless roaming in the micro-mobility environment. Presented at 11th World Congress on ITS, Nagoya, Japan."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varum, T., Matos, J.N., and Oliveira, A. (2012, January 16\u201319). Printed antenna for DSRC systems with omnidirectional circular polarization. Proceedings of International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Anchorage, AK, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITSC.2012.6338677"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2013.2280757","article-title":"Polarization-reconfigurable omnidirectional antenna combining dipole and loop radiators","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Gallagher, B. (2004, January 18\u201322). Field tests of 802.11-based ad hoc wireless links to high speed vehicles. Presented at 11th World Congress on ITS, Nagoya, Japan."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/5\/4\/602\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:09:15Z","timestamp":1760216955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/5\/4\/602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["info5040602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info5040602","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,12]]}}}