{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:11:06Z","timestamp":1760242266140,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the goal of addressing the issue of image compression in wireless multimedia sensor networks with high recovered quality and low energy consumption, an image compression and transmission scheme based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is proposed in this paper. First, the NMF algorithm theory is studied. Then, a collaborative mechanism of image capture, block, compression and transmission is completed. Camera nodes capture images and send them to ordinary nodes which use an NMF algorithm for image compression. Compressed images are transmitted to the station by the cluster head node and received from ordinary nodes. The station takes on the image restoration. Simulation results show that, compared with the JPEG2000 and singular value decomposition (SVD) compression schemes, the proposed scheme has a higher quality of recovered images and lower total node energy consumption. It is beneficial to reduce the burden of energy consumption and prolong the life of the whole network system, which has great significance for practical applications of WMSNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info8010026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T06:07:21Z","timestamp":1487916441000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["An Image Compression Scheme in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks Based on NMF"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shikang","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2657-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2006.10.002","article-title":"A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks","volume":"51","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03219952","article-title":"Multimedia communication in wireless sensor networks","volume":"60","author":"Gurses","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Telecommun."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"153","article-title":"A Novel Negative Multinomial Distribution Based Energy-Efficient Reputation Modeling for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)","volume":"29","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Donghua Univ. (Eng. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Xiong, Z.Y. (2012). Study of Image Coding Algorithm for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. [Ph.D. Thesis, Central South University]. (In Chinese)."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addisu, A., Sciandra, V., Agueh, M., and George, L. (2014, January 14\u201316). Work in progress: Analytic hierarchy process applied to JPEG2000 video streaming over Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE 2014 9th International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM), Maoming, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CHINACOM.2014.7054318"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"814","article-title":"Image compression scheme in wireless multimedia sensor networks based on SVD","volume":"42","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Southeast Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/44565","article-title":"Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization","volume":"401","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"311","article-title":"Graph embedding projective non-negative matrix factorization method for image feature extraction","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Guan, N., Tao, D., Mao, B., Huang, X., and Luo, Z. (2015, January 12\u201317). Correntropy supervised non-negative matrix factorization. Proceedings of the IEEE 2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Killarney, Ireland.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2015.7280629"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Donoho, D.L., and Stodden, V. (2003). Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 16 (NIPS 2003), MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"231","article-title":"Fast Conical Hull Algorithms for Near-separable Non-negative Matrix Factorization","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"JMLR W&CP"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Lee, D.D., and Seung, H.S. (2001). Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13, MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.2007.19.10.2756","article-title":"Projected gradient methods for non-negative matrix factorization","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2013.2285514","article-title":"Non-negative matrix factorization revisited: Uniqueness and algorithm for symmetric decomposition","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"4","article-title":"Improvements of non-negative matrix factorization for image extraction","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Res. Comput."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.020211.00058","article-title":"A survey on energy-efficient routing techniques with QoS assurances for wireless multimedia sensor networks","volume":"14","author":"Ehsan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Heizelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., and Balakrishman, H. (2000, January 4\u20137). Energy-Efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks. Proceedings of the Hawaiian International Conference on System Science (HICSS), Maui, HI, USA."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2002.1012351","article-title":"Energy-efficient DSPs for wireless sensor networks","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"646","article-title":"Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"24","author":"Jin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Donghua Univ. (Eng. Ed.)"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Wheeler, F.W., and Pearlman, W.A. (2000, January 5\u20139). SPIHT image compression without lists. Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 International Joint Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP\u201900), Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"240","article-title":"Multi-node cooperative JPEG2000 implementation based on neighbor clusters in wireless sensor networks","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Precis. Eng."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/8\/1\/26\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:29:05Z","timestamp":1760207345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/8\/1\/26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["info8010026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info8010026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]]}}}