{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:13:01Z","timestamp":1760242381119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Compressed sensing (CS) has become a powerful tool to process data that is correlated in underwater sensor networks (USNs). Based on CS, certain signals can be recovered from a relatively small number of random linear projections. Since the battery-driven sensor nodes work in adverse environments, energy-efficient routing well-matched with CS is needed to realize data gathering in USNs. In this paper, a clustering, uneven-layered, and multi-hop routing based on CS (CS-CULM) is proposed. The inter-cluster transmission and fusion are fulfilled by an improved LEACH protocol, then the uneven-layered, multi-hop routing is adopted to forward the packets fused to sink node for data reconstruction. Simulation results show that CS-CULM can achieve better performances in energy saving and data reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info8020066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]],"date-time":"2017-06-16T10:06:31Z","timestamp":1497607591000},"page":"66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm in Three-Dimensional Underwater Sensor Networks Based on Compressed Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gongliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Automatic Test and Control Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2329677","article-title":"Onion map: A scalable geometric addressing and routing scheme for 3D sensor networks","volume":"14","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2002.804190","article-title":"An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks","volume":"1","author":"Heinzelman","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, J., Li, D., and Chen, W. (2010, January 6\u201310). Geometric routing precluding loops and dead ends in 3-D wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), Miami, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683182"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5406","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2006.885507","article-title":"Near optimal signal recovery from random projections: Universal encoding strategies?","volume":"52","author":"Tao","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2007.904835","article-title":"Joint source\u2013channel communication for distributed estimation in sensor networks","volume":"53","author":"Bajwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Wu, X., and Huang, C. (2014, January 28\u201330). A novel data gathering algorithm based on compressed sensing for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 33rd Chinese Control Conference, Nanjing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ChiCC.2014.6896665"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10208-008-9031-3","article-title":"Uniform uncertainty principle and signal recovery via regularized orthogonal matching pursuit","volume":"9","author":"Needell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Found. Comp. Math."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Bassi, F., Liu, C., and Iwaza, L. (2012, January 27\u201331). Compressive linear network coding for efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 20th European Signal Processing Conference, Bucharest, Romania."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Robert, J.U. (1983). Principles of Underwater Sound, McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2008.081214","article-title":"Energy-efficient routing schemes for underwater acoustic networks","volume":"26","author":"Zorzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Xie, L., and Zhang, X. (2013, January 9\u201313). 3D clustering-based camera wireless sensor networks for maximizing lifespan with minimum coverage rate constraint. Proceedings of the 2013 Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Atlanta, GA, USA."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/8\/2\/66\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:39:16Z","timestamp":1760207956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/8\/2\/66"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["info8020066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info8020066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,16]]}}}