{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:17:43Z","timestamp":1778894263255,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) grouping-proof protocol is to generate an evidence of the simultaneous existence of a group of tags and it has been applied to many different fields. For current grouping-proof protocols, there still exist some flaws such as low grouping-proof efficiency, being vulnerable to trace attack and information leakage. To improve the secure performance and efficiency, we propose a lightweight RFID grouping-proof protocol based on parallel mode and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) mechanism. Our protocol involves multiple readers and multiple tag groups. During the grouping-proof period, one reader and one tag group are chosen by the verifier by means of DHCP mechanism. When only a part of the tags of the chosen group exist, the protocol can also give the evidence of their co-existence. Our protocol utilizes parallel communication mode between reader and tags so as to ensure its grouping-proof efficiency. It only uses Hash function to complete the mutual authentication among verifier, readers and tags. It can preserve the privacy of the RFID system and resist the attacks such as eavesdropping, replay, trace and impersonation. Therefore the protocol is secure, flexible and efficient. It only uses some lightweight operations such as Hash function and a pseudorandom number generator. Therefore it is very suitable to some low-cost RFID systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info8030085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]],"date-time":"2017-07-20T04:28:26Z","timestamp":1500524906000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Lightweight RFID Grouping-Proof Protocol Based on Parallel Mode and DHCP Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhicai","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic &amp; Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic &amp; Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic &amp; Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.861395","article-title":"RFID Security and Privacy: A Research Survey","volume":"24","author":"Juels","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Juels, A. (2004, January 14\u201317). Yoking-Proofs for RFID Tags. Proceedings of the Second IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, Orlando, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Burmester, M., Medeiros, B., and Motta, R. (2008, January 8\u201311). Provably Secure Grouping-Proofs for RFID Tags. Proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 8.8\/11.2 International Conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications-CARDIS\u201908, London, UK."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2010.04.008","article-title":"Flaws on RFID grouping-proofs. Guidelines for future sound protocols","volume":"34","author":"Orfila","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Anonymous Coexistence Proofs for RFID Tags","volume":"26","author":"Lo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Inf. Sci. 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Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.14257\/ijca.2014.7.12.22","article-title":"An enhanced grouping proof for multiple RFID readers and tag groups","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Control Autom."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moriyama, D. (2014, January 8\u20139). Provably Secure Two-Round RFID Grouping Proof Protocols. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE RFID Technology and Applications (RFID-TA) Conference, Tampere, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/RFID-TA.2014.6934242"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"35","article-title":"A high-security RFID Grouping Proof protocol","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"693","article-title":"A Practical FRID Grouping Authentication Protocol in Multiple-tag Arrangement with Adequate Security Assurance","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2015","journal-title":"ICACT Trans. Adv. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.3548","article-title":"A Universally Composable Secure Grouping-proof Protocol for RFID Tags","volume":"28","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.14257\/ijca.2016.9.7.32","article-title":"Analysis and improvement of ECC-based Grouping-proof protocol for RFID","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Control Autom."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18178-8_14","article-title":"Privacy-preserving ECC-based grouping proofs for RFID","volume":"Volume 6531","author":"Batina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Security"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/8\/3\/85\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:43:12Z","timestamp":1760208192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/8\/3\/85"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["info8030085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info8030085","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]]}}}