{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T11:30:45Z","timestamp":1760441445006,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]],"date-time":"2018-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To create a safe work atmosphere, it is essential to control the spread of unsafe behaviors among construction workers. Based on group behavior theory, the relationship between the influence factors and means of spreading unsafe behavior among construction workers is verified using a structural equation model (SEM) and multiround research data. According to the research, (1) spreading methods of unsafe behaviors consists of demonstration\u2013imitation and infecting\u2013conformity; (2) the influence of important figures, personal safety accomplishments, intensity of penalties for individual violations, and benefit-to-risk ratios of unsafe behaviors are correlated significantly with the spread of unsafe demonstration\u2013imitation behaviors; and (3) the relational closeness of members, personal safety accomplishments, safety climate, and benefit-to-risk ratio of unsafe behaviors are correlated significantly with the spread of unsafe infecting\u2013conformity behaviors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info9020039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1518432638000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Structural Equation Model Analysis of Factors in the Spread of Unsafe Behavior among Construction Workers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou 221111, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiguang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou 221111, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Study on modified TPB model for construction workers unsafe behavioral intention","volume":"25","author":"Ye","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Saf. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Formation of construction workers\u2019 habitual unsafe behaviors and factors influencing it","volume":"25","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"China Saf. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2007.06.006","article-title":"Critical success factors influencing safety program performance in Thai construction projects","volume":"46","author":"Aksorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000453","article-title":"Safety4Site commitment to enhance jobsite safety management and performance","volume":"138","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Constr. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000659","article-title":"Multilevel safety culture and climate survey for assessing new safety program","volume":"139","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Constr. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2014.11.021","article-title":"A comparison of subgroup construction workers\u2019 perceptions of a safety program","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.03.010","article-title":"Analyzing safety behaviors of temporary construction workers using structural equation modeling","volume":"77","author":"Seo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2014.11.019","article-title":"An experimental method to study the effect of fatigue on construction workers\u2019 safety performance","volume":"73","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2015.01.013","article-title":"Proactive behavior-based safety management for construction safety improvement","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/000712610X493115","article-title":"From over-imitation to super-copying: Adults imitate causally irrelevant aspects of tool use with higher fidelity than young children","volume":"102","author":"McGuigan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.112","article-title":"ALE meta-analysis of action observation and imitation in the human brain","volume":"50","author":"Caspers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2013.01833","article-title":"Critical review of psychological studies on imitation","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"182","article-title":"Investigation and analysis of imitation and learning of unsafe behaviors for construction workers","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Saf. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"185","article-title":"Spreading features of construction workers\u2019 unsafe behavior: Form group closeness perspective","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Saf. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/2\/39\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:54:32Z","timestamp":1760194472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/2\/39"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["info9020039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info9020039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,10]]}}}