{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:46:37Z","timestamp":1762875997614,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]],"date-time":"2018-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to solve the problem of tag collision in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system, the paper proposes a Multi-Bit Identification Collision Tree (MICT) algorithm based on a collision tree. The algorithm uses an array scheme to mark the collision bits in the identification process, and determines the collision information according to the first few bits of the tag, which can effectively reduce the number of recognitions and the amount of communication data. The testing results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the time complexity by about 38% and the communication complexity by about 27% compared to existing collision-tree-based algorithms. Through theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation, the MICT algorithm has obvious advantages in terms of time and communication complexity compared to the other typical algorithms. The algorithm can be applied to the field of RFID-related systems to significantly improve the system efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info9030063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T13:13:48Z","timestamp":1520860428000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["An Anti-Collision Algorithm for RFID Based on an Array and Encoding Scheme"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Baolong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science &amp; Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Science &amp; Engineering, Xi\u2019an Technological University, Xi\u2019an 710021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.12.056","article-title":"A fast RFID tag identification algorithm based on counter and stack","volume":"38","author":"He","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"229","article-title":"Improved RFID binary search anti-collision algorithm","volume":"45","author":"An","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comput. Eng. Appl."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2016.04.019","article-title":"Efficient tag reading protocol for large-scale RFID systems with pre-reading","volume":"88","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2007.1020","article-title":"Tag-splitting: Adaptive collision arbitration protocols for RFID tag identification","volume":"18","author":"Myung","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"95","article-title":"A memory efficient anti-collision protocol to identify memoryless RFID tags","volume":"11","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"61","article-title":"Tag anti-collision algorithm for RFID systems with minimum overhead information in the identification process","volume":"20","author":"Mohammed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radio Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2013.012313.122094","article-title":"Multiple RFID tags identification with M-ary query tree scheme","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"85","article-title":"An optimized query tree algorithm in RFID inventory tracking-a case study evidence","volume":"9","author":"Agrawal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2012.048626","article-title":"A tag prediction anti-collision algorithm using extra bits for RFID tag identification","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Ad Hoc Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S1005-8885(08)60402-1","article-title":"Multi-branch query tree protocol for solving RFID tag collision problem","volume":"15","author":"Jiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. China Univ. Posts Telecommun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2010.091710.100793","article-title":"An efficient anti-collision protocol for RFID tag identification","volume":"14","author":"Jia","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2015.01.013","article-title":"A distributed multi-channel reader anti-collision algorithm for RFID environments","volume":"64","author":"Safa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2013.09.001","article-title":"An RFID anti-collision algorithm with dynamic condensation and ordering binary tree","volume":"36","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2010.031810.00037","article-title":"A survey and tutorial of RFID anti-collision protocols","volume":"12","author":"Klair","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.08.006","article-title":"A memoryless binary query tree based Successive Scheme for passive RFID tag collision resolution","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2554465","article-title":"PSR: A novel high-efficiency and easy-to-implement parallel algorithm for anti-collision in RFID systems","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., and Yang, F. (2018). An anti-collision algorithm for RFID-based robots based on dynamic grouping binary trees. Comput. Electr. Eng., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.03.003"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"95","article-title":"Anti-collision algorithm based on Multi-threaded RFID lock position","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hybrid Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.3390\/s140101010","article-title":"Managing the number of tag bits transmitted in a bit-tracking RFID collision resolution protocol","volume":"14","author":"Landaluce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1587\/transfun.E99.A.1494","article-title":"Optimized binary search with multiple collision bits resolution anti-collision algorithm for efficient RFID tag identification","volume":"99","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2272460","article-title":"A multi-bit identification protocol for RFID tag reading","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Su, X.H., and Liu, B.L. (2017, January 23\u201325). An investigation on tree-based tags anti-collision algorithms in RFID. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Network, Electronic and Automation (ICCNEA), Xi\u2019an, China."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/3\/63\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T14:56:35Z","timestamp":1760194595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/3\/63"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["info9030063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info9030063","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]}}}