{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:58:38Z","timestamp":1760241518698,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61170029","71271126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61170029","71271126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan of China","award":["2013C31097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013C31097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Availability is one of the main concerns of cloud users, and cloud providers always try to provide higher availability to improve user satisfaction. However, higher availability results in higher provider costs and lower social welfare. In this paper, taking into account both the users\u2019 valuation and desired availability, we design resource allocation, pricing and penalty mechanisms with availability on demand. Considering two scenarios: public availability in which the desired availabilities of all users are public information, and private availability in which the desired availabilities are private information of users, and, analyzing the possible behaviours of users, we design a truthful deterministic mechanism with 2-approximation in public availability scenario and a universal truthful mechanism with  \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                1\r\n                \r\n                  1\r\n                  + \r\n                  \u03b3\r\n                \r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         approximation in private availability scenario, where \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \u03b3\r\n            \r\n          \r\n         is the backup ratio of resources with the highest availability. The experiment results show that our mechanisms significantly improve the social welfare compared to the mechanism without considering availability demand of users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info9040087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T12:16:50Z","timestamp":1523449010000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Auction-Based Cloud Service Pricing and Penalty with Availability on Demand"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9464-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management and Engineering, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingti","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management and Engineering, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Institute of Fintech, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"Shojafar, M., Canali, C., Lancellotti, R., and Abawajy, J. (2016). Adaptive Computing-plus-Communication Optimization Framework for Multimedia Processing in Cloud Systems. IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput.","key":"ref_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Andreagiovanni, F., and Caire, G. (2016, January 10\u201315). An unconventional clustering problem: User Service Profile Optimization. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Barcelona, Spain.","key":"ref_2","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIT.2016.7541420"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canali, C., Chiaraviglio, L., Lancellotti, R., and Shojafar, M. (2018). Joint Minimization of the Energy Costs from Computing, Data Transmission, and Migrations in Cloud Data Centers. IEEE Trans. Green Commun. Netw.","key":"ref_3","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2796613"},{"unstructured":"Pan, W., Rowe, J., and Barlaoura, G. (2013). Records in the Cloud (RiC) User Survey Report, Rhode Island College.","key":"ref_4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, H., and Chieu, T. (2012, January 6\u20137). An approach to high availability for cloud servers with snapshot mechanism. Proceedings of the Industrial Track of the Acm\/Ifip\/Usenix International Middleware Conference, Montreal, QC, Canada.","key":"ref_5","DOI":"10.1145\/2405146.2405152"},{"unstructured":"Cully, B., Lefebvre, G., Meyer, D., Feeley, M., Hutchinson, N., and Warfield, A. (2008, January 16\u201318). Remus: High Availability via Asynchronous Virtual Machine Replication. Proceedings of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), San Francisco, CA, USA.","key":"ref_6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, D., Singh, J., and Chhabra, A. (2012, January 11\u201313). High Availability of Clouds: Failover Strategies for Cloud Computing Using Integrated Checkpointing Algorithms. Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, Rajkot, India.","key":"ref_7","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNT.2012.155"},{"unstructured":"Yang, C.T., Chou, W.L., Hsu, C.H., and Cuzzocrea, A. (December, January 29). On Improvement of Cloud Virtual Machine Availability with Virtualization Fault Tolerance Mechanism. Proceedings of the IEEE Third International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, Athens, Greece.","key":"ref_8"},{"unstructured":"(2018, March 04). Amazon EC2 Service Level Agreement. Available online: https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ec2\/sla.","key":"ref_9"},{"unstructured":"(2018, March 04). Google Compute Engine Service Level Agreement. Available online: https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/compute\/sla.","key":"ref_10"},{"unstructured":"(2018, March 04). SLA for Cloud Services. Available online: https:\/\/azure.microsoft.com\/en-us\/support\/legal\/sla\/virtual-machines\/v1_6.","key":"ref_11"},{"unstructured":"(2018, March 04). The UC Berkeley\/Stanford Recovery-Oriented Computing (Roc) Project. Available online: http:\/\/roc.cs.berkeley.edu\/.","key":"ref_12"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, S., Iosup, A., Israel, A., Cirne, W., Raz, D., and Epema, D. (2015, January 4\u20137). An Availability-on-Demand Mechanism for Datacenters. Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, Shenzhen, China.","key":"ref_13","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid.2015.58"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahrad, M., and Wentzlaff, D. (2016, January 4\u20137). Availability Knob: Flexible User-Defined Availability in the Cloud. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing, Shenzhen, China.","key":"ref_14","DOI":"10.1145\/2987550.2987556"},{"unstructured":"Xiaoyong, Y., Hongyan, T., Ying, L., Tong, J., Tiancheng, L., and Zhonghai, W. (July, January 27). A Competitive Penalty Model for Availability Based Cloud SLA. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, New York, NY, USA.","key":"ref_15"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2014.2369419","article-title":"Physical Machine Resource Management in Clouds: A Mechanism Design Approach","volume":"3","author":"Mashayekhy","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"unstructured":"Wang, C., Ma, W., Qin, T., Chen, X., Hu, X., and Liu, T. (2015, January 25\u201331). Selling reserved instances in cloud computing. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Buenos Aires, Argentina.","key":"ref_17"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2014.2369435","article-title":"A Procurement Auction Market to Trade Residual Cloud Computing Capacity","volume":"3","author":"Bonacquisto","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cloud Comput."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2843945","article-title":"An Auction Mechanism for Cloud Spot Markets","volume":"11","author":"Toosi","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Li, B., Jiang, H., and Liu, F. (2013, January 14\u201319). A framework for truthful online auctions in cloud computing with heterogeneous user demands. Proceedings of the 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, Turin, Italy.","key":"ref_20","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2013.6566946"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Huang, Z., Wu, C., Li, Z., and Lau, F.C.M. (2015, January 15\u201319). Online Auctions in IaaS Clouds: Welfare and Profit Maximization with Server Costs. Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, Portland, OR, USA.","key":"ref_21","DOI":"10.1145\/2745844.2745855"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toeroe, M., and Tam, F. (2012). Service Availability: Principles and Practice, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Publication.","key":"ref_22","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119941378"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2015.11.014","article-title":"Availability in the cloud: State of the art","volume":"60","author":"Nabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nisan, N., Roughgarden, T., Tardos, E., and Vazirani, V.V. (2007). Algorithmic Game Theory, Cambridge University Press.","key":"ref_24","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511800481"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chekuri, C., and Gamzu, I. (2009). Truthful Mechanisms via Greedy Iterative Packing, Springer.","key":"ref_25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03685-9_5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, S., and Xu, C.Z. (2007, January 10\u201312). Quantifying Temporal and Spatial Correlation of Failure Events for Proactive Management. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, Beijing, China.","key":"ref_26","DOI":"10.1109\/SRDS.2007.18"},{"unstructured":"Oppenheimer, D., Ganapathi, A., and Patterson, D.A. (2003, January 26\u201328). Why Do Internet Services Fail, and What Can Be Done About It?. Proceedings of the Usenix Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems, Seattle, WA, USA.","key":"ref_27"},{"unstructured":"Schroeder, B., and Gibson, G.A. (2006, January 25\u201328). A large-scale study of failures in high-performance computing systems. Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, Philadelphia, PA, USA.","key":"ref_28"}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/4\/87\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:00:22Z","timestamp":1760194822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/4\/87"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["info9040087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info9040087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]}}}