{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:18:06Z","timestamp":1780053486233,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Research and Innovation Project of Central South University Graduate Students","award":["2018zzts062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018zzts062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing on-board planning systems do not apply to small satellites with limited onboard computer capacity and on-board resources. This study aims to investigate the problem of autonomous task planning for small satellites. Based on the analysis of the problem and its constraints, a model of task autonomous planning was implemented. According to the long-cycle task planning requirements, a framework of rolling planning was proposed, including a rolling window and planning unit in the solution, and we proposed an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) for rolling planning. This algorithm categorized each individual based on the compliance of individuals with a time partial order constraint and resource constraint, and designed an appropriate crossover operator and mutation operator for each type of individual. The experimental result showed that the framework and algorithm can not only respond quickly to observation tasks, but can produce effective planning programs to ensure the successful completion of observation tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info9070181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T03:24:27Z","timestamp":1532316267000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Efficient Task Autonomous Planning Method for Small Satellites"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0163-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3714-8215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2015.01.001","article-title":"Satellite downlink scheduling problem: A case study","volume":"53","author":"Karapetyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Omega"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Shimmin, R., Schalkwyck, J., Perez, A.D., Weston, S., Rademacher, A., Tilles, A., Agasid, J., Burton, E., Goktug, K.R., and Carlino, A. (2016). Small Spacecraft State of the Art Report 2015, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA\/TP-2015-21664."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2008.918084","article-title":"Explicit Load Balancing Technique for NGEO Satellite IP Networks With On-Board Processing Capabilities","volume":"17","author":"Taleb","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2009.06.008","article-title":"Status and trends of small satellite missions for earth observation","volume":"66","author":"Sandau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut. A"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8640.2010.00375.x","article-title":"Feasibility of Autonomous Decision Making on Board An Agile Earth Observing Satellite","volume":"27","author":"Beaumet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, Z.X., and Li, J.F. (2015, January 26\u201327). Planning and scheduling of an agile earth observing satellite combining on-ground and on-board decisions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical, Engineering, Phuket, Thailand.","DOI":"10.2991\/eame-15.2015.148"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherwood, R., Chien, S., Tran, D., Cichy, B., Castano, R., Davies, A., and Rabideau, G. (2005). Intelligent Systems in Space: The EO-1 Autonomous Sciencecraft\u2019 AIAA. Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory: He, Springer.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2005-6917"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Cichy, B., Chien, S., Schaffer, S., Tran, D., Rabideau, G., Sherwood, R., Mandl, D., Bote, R., Frye, S., and Trout, B. (2004, January 23\u201325). Validating the autonomous EO1 science agent. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Planning and Schedule for Space, Darmstadt, Germany."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Chien, S., Tran, D., Rabideau, G., Schaffer, S., Mandl, D., and Frye, S. (2018, July 10). Planning Operations of the Earth Observing Satellite EO-1: Representing and Reasoning with Spacecraft Operations Constraints. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/268295459_Planning_Operations_of_the_Earth_Observing_Satellite_EO-1_Representing_and_reasoning_with_spacecraft_operations_constraints."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2005.08.007","article-title":"Monitoring active volcanism with the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment on EO-1","volume":"101","author":"Davies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Chien, S., Knight, R., Stechert, A., Sherwood, R., and Rabideau, G. (2000, January 14\u201317). Using iterative repair to improve the responsiveness of planning and scheduling. Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems, Breckenridge, CO, USA."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Verfaillie, G., and Bornschlegl, E. (2018, July 10). Designing and Evaluating an On-Line On-Board Autonomous Earth Observation Satellite Scheduling System. 2014\u20132015. Available online: http:\/\/robotics.estec.esa.int\/IWPSS\/IWPSS_2000\/Papers\/16.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-018-0268-8","article-title":"An emergency task autonomous planning method of agile imaging satellite","volume":"2018","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Image Video Process."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2017.03.012","article-title":"High-performance technique for satellite range scheduling","volume":"85","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"54","article-title":"Mission Planning of Space Astronomical Satellite Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Simul."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Multi-satellite Tt&c Scheduling Problem","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3788\/OPE.20182601.0150","article-title":"Optimize-by-priority on-orbit task real-time planning for agile imaging satellite","volume":"26","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Precis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.3233\/IFS-162202","article-title":"Time-dependent autonomous task planning of agile imaging satellites","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"590","article-title":"Task Scheduling Model and Algorithm for Agile Satellite Considering Imaging Quality","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Astronaut."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J., Liu, L., and Hu, X. (2016, January 12\u201315). A robust algorithm for deadline-constrained task scheduling in small satellite clusters. Proceedings of the A robust algorithm for deadline-constrained task scheduling in small satellite clusters, Guilin, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCICA.2016.7578375"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Du, C., Li, J., Jing, N., and Wang, L. (2017, January 15\u201319). An approach of satellite periodic continuous observation task scheduling based on evolutionary computation. Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1145\/3067695.3082033"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2013.05.002","article-title":"Task scheduling and motion planning for an industrial manipulator","volume":"29","author":"Zacharia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2010.10.003","article-title":"Mission design for a group of autonomous guided vehicles","volume":"59","author":"Xidias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"411","article-title":"Models, algorithms and applications to the mission planning system of imaging satellites","volume":"31","author":"Her","year":"2011","journal-title":"Syst. Eng. Theor. Pract."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"134","article-title":"Optimization algorithm based on decomposition for satellites observation scheduling problem","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Syst. Eng. Theor. Pract."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2685","article-title":"Emergency scheduling method for imaging reconnaissance satellites based on rolling horizon optimization strategy","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst. Eng. Theor. Pract."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"2533","article-title":"Tasks scheduling method for an agile imaging satellite based on improved ant colony algorithm","volume":"32","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Syst. Eng. Theor. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011203002719","article-title":"\u201cLogic-Constrained\u201d Knapsack Formulation and a Tabu Algorithm for the Daily Photograph Scheduling of an Earth Observation Satellite","volume":"20","author":"Vasquez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Optim. Appl."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/7\/181\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:13:28Z","timestamp":1760195608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/7\/181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["info9070181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info9070181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]}}}