{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:04:39Z","timestamp":1760241879183,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]],"date-time":"2018-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose three mechanisms to reduce the broadcast storm problem in wireless mesh networks based on the Named-Data Network (NDN) architecture. The goal of our mechanisms is to reduce the number of content requests forwarded by nodes and consequently, increase the network efficiency. The first proposed mechanism, called Probabilistic Interest Forwarding (PIF), randomly forwards content requests. The second mechanism, called Retransmission-Counter-based Forwarding (ReCIF), decides to forward content requests based on the number of retransmissions by adding a counter to the header of requests. The third mechanism, called ReCIF+PIF, combines the features of PIF and ReCIF to suppress content requests. We compare the performance of our mechanisms with both the NDN default forwarding mechanism and the Listen First Broadcast Later (LFBL) mechanism. Our proposals outperform the default NDN forwarding mechanism by up to 21% regarding the data delivery rate in dense networks and provide a 25% lower delivery delay than the default NDN. Our mechanisms accomplish this performance by only reducing the number of content requests forwarded by nodes. One of our mechanisms, PIF, outperforms LFBL regarding the data delivery rate and delivery delay by up to 263% and 55%, respectively, for high network contention levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info9100243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T08:23:50Z","timestamp":1538468630000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["PIF and ReCiF: Efficient Interest-Packet Forwarding Mechanisms for Named-Data Wireless Mesh Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6793-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalbert","family":"Matos Mascarenhas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnol\u00f3gica Celso Suckow da Foseca\u2014CEFET\/RJ, Petr\u00f3polis, RJ 25620-003, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Monteiro Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio M\u00eddiacom, PGC-TCC, Instituto de Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niter\u00f3i, RJ 24210-346, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2009.134","article-title":"Enabling efficient peer-to-peer resource sharing in wireless mesh networks","volume":"9","author":"Canali","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Wang, J., and Kravets, R. (2005, January 26). Designing routing metrics for mesh networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Wireless Mesh Networks (WiMesh), Santa Clara, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.060710.00062","article-title":"A survey of network design problems and joint design approaches in wireless mesh networks","volume":"13","author":"Pathak","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Arnaout, Z., Fu, Q., and Frean, M. (2012, January 7\u20138). A content replication scheme for wireless mesh networks. Proceedings of the 22nd international workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video, Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1145\/2229087.2229098"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oh, S.Y., Lau, D., and Gerla, M. (2010, January 20\u201322). Content centric networking in tactical and emergency manets. Proceedings of the Wireless Days (WD), Venice, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/WD.2010.5657708"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Brito, G.M., Velloso, P.B., and Moraes, I.M. (2013). Information Centric Networks: A New Paradigm for the Internet, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118579848"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2017.02.001","article-title":"An autonomous and efficient controller-based routing scheme for networking Named-Data mobility","volume":"103","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10922-014-9300-1","article-title":"Cooperative caching in a content centric network for video stream delivery","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Netw. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2015.06.007","article-title":"Efficient content delivery in mobile ad-hoc networks using CCN","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meisel, M., Pappas, V., and Zhang, L. (2010, January 20\u201324). Ad hoc networking via named data. Proceedings of the Fifth ACM International Workshop on Mobility in the Evolving Internet Architecture, Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1859983.1859986"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobson, V., Smetters, D.K., Thornton, J.D., Plass, M.F., Briggs, N.H., and Braynard, R.L. (2009, January 1\u20134). Networking named content. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/1658939.1658941"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"579","article-title":"Enhanced Multimedia Data Delivery based on Content-Centric Networking in Wireless Networks","volume":"9","author":"Bosunia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Math."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2017, July 15). Sandvine Top 10 Peak Period Applications. Available online: https:\/\/www.sandvine.com\/pr\/2016\/6\/22\/sandvine-report-netflix-encoding-optimizations-result-in-north-american-traffic-share-decline.html."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amadeo, M., Campolo, C., and Molinaro, A. (2012, January 25\u201329). Content-centric networking: Is that a solution for upcoming vehicular networks?. Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Inter-Networking, Systems, and Applications, Ambleside, UK.","DOI":"10.1145\/2307888.2307906"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amadeo, M., Molinaro, A., Campolo, C., Sifalakis, M., and Tschudin, C. (May, January 27). Transport layer design for named data wireless networking. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2014.6849276"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2004.12.001","article-title":"Wireless mesh networks: A survey","volume":"47","author":"Akyildiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carofiglio, G., Gallo, M., and Muscariello, L. (2012, January 25\u201330). ICP: Design and evaluation of an interest control protocol for content-centric networking. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2012.6193510"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7565183","article-title":"Caching at the wireless edge: Design aspects, challenges, and future directions","volume":"54","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee (1997). Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications. IEEE Standard 802.11-1997."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Meisel, M., Pappas, V., and Zhang, L. (2010, January 15\u201316). Listen first, broadcast later: Topology-agnostic forwarding under high dynamics. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of International Technology Alliance in Network and Information Science, London, UK."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Perkins, C., Belding-Royer, E., and Das, S. (2018, September 27). Ad Hoc on-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing. Available online: https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc3561."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, M., Hao, Y., Qiu, M., Song, J., Wu, D., and Humar, I. (2016). Mobility-aware caching and computation offloading in 5G ultra-dense cellular networks. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16070974"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Afanasyev, A., Jiang, X., Yu, Y., Tan, J., Xia, Y., Mankin, A., and Zhang, L. (August, January 31). NDNS: A DNS-Like Name Service for NDN. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13174-014-0008-y","article-title":"A survey on predicting the popularity of web content","volume":"5","author":"Tatar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Internet Serv. Appl."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2577365","article-title":"Investigating the performance of pull-based dynamic adaptive streaming in NDN","volume":"34","author":"Rainer","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burresi, S., Canali, C., Renda, M.E., and Santi, P. (2008, January 17\u201321). MeshChord: A location-aware, cross-layer specialization of Chord for wireless mesh networks (concise contribution). Proceedings of the 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOM.2008.25"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibson, C., Bermell-Garcia, P., Chan, K., Ko, B., Afanasyev, A., and Zhang, L. (2017, January 4\u20138). Opportunities and Challenges for Named Data Networking to Increase the Agility of Military Coalitions. Proceedings of the Workshop on Distributed Analytics InfraStructure and Algorithms for Multi-Organization Federations (DAIS), San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/UIC-ATC.2017.8397416"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hannan, A., Arshad, S., Azam, M.A., Loo, J., Ahmed, S.H., Majeed, M.F., and Shah, S.C. (2018). Disaster management system aided by named data network of things: Architecture, design, and analysis. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082431"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20040510","article-title":"Effectiveness of RTS\/CTS handshake in IEEE 802.11 a wireless LANs","volume":"40","author":"Chatzimisios","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amadeo, M., and Molinaro, A. (2011, January 28\u201330). CHANET: A content-centric architecture for IEEE 802.11 MANETs. Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on the.Network of the Future (NOF), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/NOF.2011.6126671"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider, K.M., Mast, K., and Krieger, U.R. (2015, January 9\u201312). CCN forwarding strategies for multihomed mobile terminals. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference and Workshops on Networked Systems (NetSys), Cottbus, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/NetSys.2015.7089075"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Li, X., Yu, Y.T., and Gerla, M. (May, January 27). Information-centric delay-tolerant mobile ad-hoc networks. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2014.6849270"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7565256","article-title":"A low-cost NDN testbed on banana pi routers","volume":"54","author":"Rainer","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7565184","article-title":"Communications, caching, and computing oriented small cell networks with interference alignment","volume":"54","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mascarenhas, D.M., and Moraes, I.M. (2014, January 12\u201314). Limiting the interest-packet forwarding in information-centric wireless mesh networks. Proceedings of the Wireless Days (WD) 2014, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/WD.2014.7020794"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Clausen, T., and Jacquet, P. (2018, September 27). Available online: https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc3626."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2003.09.010","article-title":"A survey on routing protocols for wireless sensor networks","volume":"3","author":"Akkaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Afanasyev, A., Moiseenko, I., and Zhang, L. (2018, September 27). Available online: http:\/\/named-data.net\/techreport\/TR005-ndnsim.pdf."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Senior, R., and Phillips, C. (2018, September 27). CRAWDAD Data Set Pdx\/Metrofi (v.2011-10-24). Available online: http:\/\/crawdad.org\/pdx\/metrofi\/."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/10\/243\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:23:11Z","timestamp":1760196191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/10\/243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["info9100243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info9100243","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2078-2489"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,29]]}}}