{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:02:42Z","timestamp":1773619362713,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we look at the potential for a wide-coverage modelling of etymological information as linked data using the Resource Data Framework (RDF) data model. We begin with a discussion of some of the most typical features of etymological data and the challenges that these might pose to an RDF-based modelling. We then propose a new vocabulary for representing etymological data, the Ontolex-lemon Etymological Extension (lemonETY), based on the ontolex-lemon model. Each of the main elements of our new model is motivated with reference to the preceding discussion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info9120304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T12:13:17Z","timestamp":1543579997000},"page":"304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Towards the Representation of Etymological Data on the Semantic Web"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas Fahad","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituzione di Linguistica Computazionale \u201cAntonio Zampolli\u201d (ILC)\u2014CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1-56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bohbot, H., Frontini, F., Luxardo, G., Khemakhem, M., and Romary, L. (2018, January 8). Presenting the N\u00e9nufar Project: A Diachronic Digital Edition of the Petit Larousse Illustr\u00e9. Proceedings of the GLOBALEX Workshop at LREC 2018, Miyazaki, Japan."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellandi, A., Giovannetti, E., and Weingart, A. (2018). Multilingual and Multiword Phenomena in a lemon Old Occitan Medico-Botanical Lexicon. Information, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/info9030052"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, F. (2018, January 12). Towards the Representation of Etymological and Diachronic Lexical Data on the Semantic Web. Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics, Miyazaki, Japan.","DOI":"10.3390\/info9120304"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"ten Hacken, P. (2018, January 17\u201321). On the Interpretation of Etymologies in Dictionaries. Proceedings of the XVIII EURALEX International Congress: Lexicography in Global Contexts, Ljubljana, Slovenia."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mailhammer, R. (2013). Lexical and Structural Etymology: Beyond Word Histories, Walter de Gruyter.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781614510581"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Durkin, P. (2009). The Oxford Guide to Etymology, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Skeat, W.W. (1910). An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language\/Rev. Walter W. Skeat, 4th revised, enlarged and reset. ed., Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hollmann, W. (2009). Semantic Change. English Language: Description, Variation and Context, Palgrave.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-07789-9_16"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Partridge, E. (1966). Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, Routledge and Kegan Paul. [4th ed.]. With Numerous Revisions and Some Substantial Additions."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Khan, A.F., and Boschetti, F. (2018, January 17\u201321). Towards a Representation of Citations in Linked Data Lexical Resources. Proceedings of the XVIII EURALEX International Congress, Ljubljana, Slovenia."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1163\/156852701750152645","article-title":"Etymology and magic: Y\u0101ska\u2019s Nirukta, Plato\u2019s Cratylus, and the riddle of semantic etymologies","volume":"48","author":"Bronkhorst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Numen"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"McCrae, J., Bosque-Gil, J., Gracia, J., Buitelaar, P., and Cimiano, P. (2017, January 19\u201321). The Ontolex-Lemon model: development and applications. Proceedings of the eLex 2017 Conference, Leiden, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Francopoulo, G., George, M., Calzolari, N., Monachini, M., Bel, N., Pet, M., and Soria, C. (2006, January 22\u201328). Lexical markup framework (LMF). Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation-LREC 2006, Genoa, Italy."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Data structures for etymology: Towards an etymological lexical network","volume":"31","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull. Linguist. Appl. G\u00e9n\u00e9r."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers, J., and Romary, L. (arXiv, 2016). Deep encoding of etymological information in TEI, arXiv.","DOI":"10.4000\/jtei.1643"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Sagot, B. (2017, January 19\u201321). Extracting an Etymological Database from Wiktionary. Proceedings of the Electronic Lexicography in the 21st century (eLex 2017), Leiden, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"De Melo, G. (2014, January 26\u201331). Etymological Wordnet: Tracing The History of Words. Proceedings of the LREC 2014, Reykjavik, Iceland."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Moran, S., and Bruemmer, M. (2013, January 23). Lemon-aid: Using Lemon to aid quantitative historical linguistic analysis. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics (LDL-2013): Representing and Linking Lexicons, Terminologies and Other Language Data, Pisa, Italy."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Chiarcos, C., Abromeit, F., F\u00e4th, C., and Ionov, M. (2016, January 11\u201316). Etymology Meets Linked Data. A Case Study In Turkic. Proceedings of the Digital Humanities 2016, Krakow, Poland."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Drummond, N., Rector, A.L., Stevens, R., Moulton, G., Horridge, M., Wang, H., and Seidenberg, J. (2006, January 10\u201311). Putting OWL in Order: Patterns for Sequences in OWL. Proceedings of the OWLED, Athens, GA, USA."}],"container-title":["Information"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/12\/304\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:33:37Z","timestamp":1760196817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2078-2489\/9\/12\/304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["info9120304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info9120304","relation":{},"ISSN":["2078-2489"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2078-2489","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]]}}}