{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:23:10Z","timestamp":1773843790565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The modern conception of industrial production recognizes the increasingly crucial role of maintenance. Currently, maintenance is thought of as a service that aims to maintain the efficiency of equipment and systems while also taking quality, energy efficiency, and safety requirements into consideration. In this study, a new methodology for automating the fan maintenance procedures was developed. An approach based on the recording of the acoustic emission and the failure diagnosis using deep learning was evaluated for the detection of dust deposits on the blades of an axial fan. Two operating conditions have been foreseen: No-Fault, and Fault. In the No-Fault condition, the fan blades are perfectly clean while in the Fault condition, deposits of material have been artificially created. Utilizing a pre-trained network (SqueezeNet) built on the ImageNet dataset, the acquired data were used to build an algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). The transfer learning applied to the images of the spectrograms extracted from the recordings of the acoustic emission of the fan, in the two operating conditions, returned excellent results (accuracy = 0.95), confirming the excellent performance of the methodology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics10010024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T04:47:24Z","timestamp":1676436444000},"page":"24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Fan Fault Diagnosis Using Acoustic Emission and Deep Learning Methods"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2972-0701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ciaburro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}]},{"given":"Sankar","family":"Padmanabhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai 603103, TN, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4704-5364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassine","family":"Maleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9e (ENSA) Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 25000, Morocco"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1635-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Puyana-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sound and Acoustic Engineering, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito EC170125, Ecuador"},{"name":"Laboratory of Phonetics and Acoustics, Institute of Applied Linguistics, Universidad de C\u00e1diz, 11002 C\u00e1diz, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mannan, M., and Al-Ghamdi, S.G. 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