{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T14:29:19Z","timestamp":1763389759995,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Macao Polytechnic University","award":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"]}]},{"name":"Macao Science and Technology Development Fund","award":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"]}]},{"name":"Special Research Initiative in Stem Cell Science","award":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"]}]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","award":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"]}]},{"name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine","award":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP\/FCA-10\/2022","0048\/2021\/APD","SRI110001002","NNF21CC0073729"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>People are increasingly seeking complex health information online. However, how they access this information and how influential it is on their health choices remains poorly understood. Google Analytics (GA) is a widely used web analytics tool and it has been used in academic research to study health information-seeking behaviors. Nevertheless, it is rarely used to study the navigation flows of health websites. To demonstrate the usefulness of GA data, we adopted both top-down and bottom-up approaches to study how web visitors navigate within a website delivering complex health information about stem cell research using GA\u2019s device, traffic and path data. Custom Treemap and Sankey visualizations were used to illustrate the navigation flows extracted from these data in a more understandable manner. Our methodology reveals that different device and traffic types expose dissimilar search approaches. Through the visualizations, popular web pages and content categories frequently browsed together can be identified. Information on a website that is often overlooked but needed by many users can also be discovered. Our proposed method can identify content requiring improvements, enhance usability and guide a design for better addressing the needs of different audiences. This paper has implications for how web designers can use GA to help them determine users\u2019 priorities and behaviors when navigating complex information. It highlights that even where there is complex health information, users may still want more direct and easy-to-understand navigations to retrieve such information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics10040080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:25:22Z","timestamp":1697786722000},"page":"80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Method for Analyzing Navigation Flows of Health Website Users Seeking Complex Health Information with Google Analytics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8820-5443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick Cheong-Iao","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao SAR, China"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Munsie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Ethics and Policy Group, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}]},{"given":"Shanton","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.2196\/humanfactors.6455","article-title":"Defining Information Quality Into Health Websites: A Conceptual Framework of Health Website Information Quality for Educated Young Adults","volume":"4","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR Hum. 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