{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T10:17:58Z","timestamp":1783851478350,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics of the National Research Council, Italy","award":["2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the Integration of Archives and Cultural Places (IaCuP) project, which aims to integrate information about a historical cemetery, including its map and grave inventory, with genealogical and documentary knowledge extracted from relevant historical archives. The integrated data are accessible to cemetery visitors through an interactive mobile application, enabling them to navigate a graphical representation of the cemetery while exploring comprehensive visualizations of genealogical data. The basic idea stems from the desire to provide people with access to the rich context of cultural sites, which have often lost their original references over the centuries, making it challenging for individuals today to interpret the meanings embedded within them. The proposed approach leverages large language models (LLMs) to extract information from relevant documents and Web technologies to represent such information as interactive visualizations. As a practical case study, this paper focuses on the Jewish Cemetery in Pisa and the Historical Archives of the Jewish Community in Pisa, working on the genealogical tree of one of the most representative families resting in the cemetery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics11010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T07:33:56Z","timestamp":1708673636000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genealogical Data-Driven Visits of Historical Cemeteries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5252-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"Lo Duca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Abrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-1642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lennon, J.J., and Foley, M. (2000). Dark Tourism, Cengage Learning EMEA."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Lo Duca, A., Bacciu, C., and Marchetti, A. (2019). Ancient Greek Art and European Funerary Art, 321, Cambridge Scholars Publishing."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lo Duca, A., Marchetti, A., Moretti, M., Diana, F., Toniazzi, M., and D\u2019Errico, A. (2023). Genealogical Data Mining from Historical Archives: The Case of the Jewish Community in Pisa. Informatics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics10020042"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Cimitero Monumentale di Milano (2024, February 18). Percorso Generale. Available online: https:\/\/monumentale.comune.milano.it\/itinerari\/percorso-generale."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Cimiteri di Roma (2024, February 18). Cimiteri di Roma. Available online: http:\/\/www.cimiteridiroma.it\/."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Ciolfi, L., Petrelli, D., Goldberg, R., Dulake, N., Willox, M., Marshall, M., and Caparrelli, F. (2013, January 1\u20133). Exploring historical, social and natural heritage: Challenges for tangible interaction design at Sheffield General Cemetery. Proceedings of the NODEM 2013: Beyond Control\u2014The Collaborative Museum and Its Challenges, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.09.019","article-title":"Everyday use of urban cemeteries: A Norwegian case study","volume":"159","author":"Evensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"32","article-title":"Alive cemeteries with augmented reality and Semantic Web technologies","volume":"8","author":"Matuszka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Wolgemuth, R. (2016). Cemetery Tours and Programming: A Guide, Rowman & Littlefield."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2024, February 18). The PEACE Project. Available online: https:\/\/peace.sites.uu.nl\/."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2024, February 18). The FIJI Project. Available online: https:\/\/fiji.sites.uu.nl\/FIJI."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2018.06.001","article-title":"Recent named entity recognition and classification techniques: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Goyal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-02-2021-0032","article-title":"Named-entity recognition for early modern textual documents: A review of capabilities and challenges with strategies for the future","volume":"77","author":"Humbel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Doc."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Wang, S., Sun, X., Li, X., Ouyang, R., Wu, F., Zhang, T., Li, J., and Wang, G. (2023). Gpt-ner: Named entity recognition via large language models. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Braverman, M., Chen, X., Kakade, S., Narasimhan, K., Zhang, C., and Zhang, Y. (2020, January 12\u201318). Calibration, entropy rates, and memory in language models. Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Malmasi, S., Fang, A., Fetahu, B., Kar, S., and Rokhlenko, O. (2022). Multiconer: A large-scale multilingual dataset for complex named entity recognition. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Zhao, H., and Zhan, J. (2019). Named entity recognition only from word embeddings. arXiv.","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.723"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Ashok, D., and Lipton, Z.C. (2023). PromptNER: Prompting For Named Entity Recognition. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Shen, T., Long, G., Geng, X., Tao, C., Zhou, T., and Jiang, D. (2023). Large Language Models are Strong Zero-Shot Retriever. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Genealogy (2023, October 01). Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available online: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genealogy."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price, J., Buckles, K., Van Leeuwen, J., and Riley, I. (2019). Combining Family History and Machine Learning to Link Historical Records (No. w26227), National Bureau of Economic Research.","DOI":"10.3386\/w26227"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Pokorn\u00fd, J. (2015, January 24\u201326). Graph databases: Their power and limitations. Proceedings of the Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management: 14th IFIP TC 8 International Conference, CISIM 2015, Warsaw, Poland. Proceedings 14."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Van Aart, C., Wielinga, B., and Van Hage, W.R. (2010, January 11\u201315). Mobile cultural heritage guide: Location-aware semantic search. Proceedings of the Knowledge Engineering and Management by the Masses: 17th International Conference, EKAW 2010, Lisbon, Portugal. Proceedings 17."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Shneiderman, B. (1996, January 3\u20136). The eyes have it: A task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. Proceedings of the Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, Boulder, Colorado."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/2945.841119","article-title":"Graph visualization and navigation in information visualization: A survey","volume":"6","author":"Herman","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"McGuffin, M.J., and Balakrishnan, R. (2005, January 23\u201325). Interactive visualization of genealogical graphs. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, Minneapolis, MN, USA. INFOVIS 2005."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.185","article-title":"PedVis: A structured, space-efficient technique for pedigree visualization","volume":"16","author":"Tuttle","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, N.W., Card, S.K., and Heer, J. (2010, January 26\u201328). Tracing genealogical data with timenets. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, Roma, Italy.","DOI":"10.1145\/1842993.1843035"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Mukaliyev, D. (2015). Visualizing Large Genealogies with Timelines. [Master\u2019s Thesis, It\u00e4-Suomen Yliopisto]."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.159","article-title":"GeneaQuilts: A System for Exploring Large Genealogies","volume":"16","author":"Bezerianos","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Zappala, D. (2013, January 21\u201323). Using visualization and search to locate genealogy holes. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Family History Technology Workshop, Salt Lake City, UT, USA."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Mansueli, V.A.P., and Okano, M.T. (2018, January 22\u201326). Representations of Genealogies in Graph Theory: K-Graphs. Proceedings of the IAMOT 2018 Conference\u2014International Association for Management of Technology, Birmingham, UK."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287509332308","article-title":"Genealogical tourism: A phenomenological examination","volume":"49","author":"Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Travel Res."}],"container-title":["Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9709\/11\/1\/9\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:03:05Z","timestamp":1760104985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9709\/11\/1\/9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["informatics11010009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/informatics11010009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]}}}