{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:57:49Z","timestamp":1780347469314,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Kratom is a substance that alters one\u2019s mental state and is used for pain relief, mood enhancement, and opioid withdrawal, despite potential health risks. In this study, we aim to analyze the social media discourse about kratom to provide more insights about kratom\u2019s benefits and adverse effects. Also, we aim to demonstrate how algorithmic machine learning approaches, qualitative methods, and data visualization techniques can complement each other to discern diverse reactions to kratom\u2019s effects, thereby complementing traditional quantitative and qualitative methods. Methods: Social media data were analyzed using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm, PyLDAVis, and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) technique to identify kratom\u2019s benefits and adverse effects. Results: The analysis showed that kratom aids in addiction recovery and managing opiate withdrawal, alleviates anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, enhances mood, energy, and overall mental well-being, and improves quality of life. Conversely, it may induce nausea, upset stomach, and constipation, elevate heart risks, affect respiratory function, and threaten liver health. Additional reported side effects include brain damage, weight loss, seizures, dry mouth, itchiness, and impacts on sexual function. Conclusion: This combined approach underscores its effectiveness in providing a comprehensive understanding of diverse reactions to kratom, complementing traditional research methodologies used to study kratom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics11030063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T07:45:47Z","timestamp":1725003947000},"page":"63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Health Benefits and Adverse Effects of Kratom: A Social Media Text-Mining Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Wahbeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing and Security, College of Engineering and Science; Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al-Ramahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business, Texas A&M-San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"El-Gayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, College of Business, Dakota State University, Madison, SD 57042, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2336-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tareq","family":"Nasralah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Supply Chain and Information Management Group, D\u2019Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elnoshokaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Decision Sciences, College of Business, California State University-San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"322","article-title":"Addiction to Mitragyna Speciosa","volume":"10","author":"Thuan","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc. 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