{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:56:34Z","timestamp":1760241394407,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["237929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["237929"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on the process of translating insights from a Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)-based study, conducted on a vessel at sea, into a model that can assist systems developers working with simulators, which are used by vessel operators for training purposes on land. That is, the empirical study at sea brought about rich insights into cooperation, which is important for systems developers to know about and consider in their designs. In the paper, we establish a model that primarily consists of a \u2018computational artifact\u2019. The model is designed to support researchers working with systems developers. Drawing on marine examples, we focus on the translation process and investigate how the model serves to visualize work activities; how it addresses relations between technical and computational artifacts, as well as between functions in technical systems and functionalities in cooperative systems. In turn, we link design back to fieldwork studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics5010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1518180387000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Offshore Operation to Onshore Simulator: Using Visualized Ethnographic Outcomes to Work with Systems Developers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6877-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 6025 \u00c5lesund, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Sisse","family":"Finken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technologies in Practices Research Group, Department of Business IT, IT University of Copenhagen, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f8dker, S., Bouvin, O.N., Wulf, V., Ciolfi, L., and Lutters, W. 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