{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:08:14Z","timestamp":1769836094989,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]],"date-time":"2019-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of smart contracts and blockchain tokens to implement a consumer trustworthy ingredient certification scheme for commingled foods, i.e., recipe based, food products is described. The proposed framework allows ingredients that carry any desired property (including social or environmental customer perceived value) to be certified by any certification authority, at the moment of harvest or extraction, using the IGR Ethereum token. The mechanism involves the transfer of tokens containing the internet url published at the authority\u2019s web site from the farmer all along the supply chain to the final consumer at each transfer of custody of the ingredient using the Cricital Tracking Event\/Key Data Elements (CTE\/KDE) philosophy of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT). This allows the end consumer to easily inspect and be assured of the origin of the ingredient by means of a mobile application. A successful code implementation of the framework was deployed, tested and is running as a beta version on the Ethereum live blockchain as the IGR token. The main contribution of the framework is the possibility to ensure the true origin of any instance or lot of ingredient within a recipe to the customer, without harming the food processor legitimate right to protect its recipes and suppliers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics6010011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1552362571000},"page":"11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["IGR Token-Raw Material and Ingredient Certification of Recipe Based Foods Using Smart Contracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8850-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Borges","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Campus S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo, S\u00e3o Paulo 09606-070, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1273-7152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nunzio Marco","family":"Torrisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Campus S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo, S\u00e3o Paulo 09606-070, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8946-6824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick Reyann Kasai","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Campus S\u00e3o Bernardo do Campo, S\u00e3o Paulo 09606-070, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Palucci","family":"Pantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Eletrical Engineering and Computer Science, Federal Institute of S\u00e3o Paulo, Campus Sert\u00e3ozinho, S\u00e3o Paulo 14169-263, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_1.1","unstructured":"European Commission (2002). 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