{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:42:41Z","timestamp":1768790561465,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Computational thinking and coding are key competencies in the 21st century. People with Down syndrome need to be part of this new literacy. For this reason, in this work, we present an exploratory study carried out with students with Down syndrome with cognitive ages of 3\u20136 years old using a tangible robot We applied the observational method during the sessions to analyze the participants\u2019 emotional states, engagement, and comprehension of the programming sequences. Results show that people with cognitive disabilities can acquire basic programming and computational skills using tangible robots such as KIBO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics6020025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T10:49:59Z","timestamp":1561027799000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Computational Thinking and Down Syndrome: An Exploratory Study Using the KIBO Robot"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5939-9544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina S.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Science, Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez, s\/n, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Herrera-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Science, Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez, s\/n, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Moreno-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Science, Avda. Astrof\u00edsico Francisco S\u00e1nchez, s\/n, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"},{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Tinerfe\u00f1a de Tris\u00f3micos 21, Tenerife Down Association, 38204 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Reyes-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Tinerfe\u00f1a de Tris\u00f3micos 21, Tenerife Down Association, 38204 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"given":"Selene","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Tinerfe\u00f1a de Tris\u00f3micos 21, Tenerife Down Association, 38204 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1170-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda D.","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, Avda. Tres de Marzo s\/n, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0718-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Infante-Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Financial Economics, Accounting and Operations Management, Faculty of Business, Campus of \u00abLa Merced\u00bb Plaza de la Merced, 11, University of Huelva, 21002 Huelva, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bers, M.U. (2017). Conclusion. Coding as a Playground, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315398945"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"InvIted commentary a different approach to coding","volume":"4","author":"Resnick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. People Oriented Program."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2019, June 18). 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