{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T08:05:59Z","timestamp":1774944359388,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Entrepreneurship is currently one of the most fundamental economic activities in the 21st century. Entrepreneurship encourages young generations to generate their self-employment and develop key soft-skills that will be useful throughout their professional career. This study aims to present and explore a case study of a higher education institution that adopts FLIGBY as a serious game, which allows students to develop entrepreneurship skills in an immersive way and based on real challenges that can be found in business environments. The findings indicate that FLIGBY offers relevant potentials and new possibilities in the development of management, leadership, and entrepreneurship skills. Furthermore, the game allows the inclusion of summative and formative assessment elements, which are essential in the process of monitoring and analyzing the student\u2019s performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics6030027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T02:55:37Z","timestamp":1563764137000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["FLIGBY\u2014A Serious Game Tool to Enhance Motivation and Competencies in Entrepreneurship"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5553-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoltan","family":"Buzady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Corvinus Business School, Corvinus University of Budapest, 1093 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-4843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto &amp; INESC TEC, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.01.954","article-title":"Teaching entrepreneurship to educational sciences students","volume":"116","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23311975.2015.1052034","article-title":"Entrepreneurship education: A systematic literature review of curricula contents and teaching methods","volume":"2","author":"Sirelkhatim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cogent Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3905\/jpe.2017.20.3.012","article-title":"Traits of Successful Entrepreneurs","volume":"20","author":"Khosla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Priv. Equity Summer"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"45","article-title":"Running a small business by students in a secondary school: Its impact on learning about entrepreneurship","volume":"13","author":"Cheung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Entrep. Educ."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"83","article-title":"Does entrepreneurship education have a role in developing entrepreneurial skills and venture\u2019s effectiveness?","volume":"15","author":"Elmuti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Entrep. Educ."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"147","article-title":"The myth of entrepreneurship education: Seven arguments against teaching business creation at universities","volume":"14","author":"Haase","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Entrep. Educ."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"228","article-title":"Learning Approaches for Entrepreneurship Education","volume":"3","author":"Hamburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Soc. Sci. Res. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2016.01.005","article-title":"Entrepreneurship education: Process, method, or both?","volume":"1","author":"Welsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Innov. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.09.050","article-title":"Insights on Entrepreneurship Education in Public Universities in Turkey: Creating Entrepreneurs or Not?","volume":"24","author":"Askun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2014.07.001","article-title":"Entrepreneurship education impact on student attitudes","volume":"12","author":"Stamboulis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Educ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, M. (2018). Entrepreneurship Skills Development in Higher Education Courses for Teams Leaders. Adm. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci8020018"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"25","article-title":"Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurial attitudes in higher education","volume":"20","author":"Potishuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Entrep. Educ."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1108\/00400910410518188","article-title":"What is \u201centerprise education\u201d? An analysis of the objectives and methods of enterprise education programmes in four countries","volume":"46","author":"Hytti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Educ. Train."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1108\/00400911011017654","article-title":"Enterprise education as pedagogy","volume":"52","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Educ. Train."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1108\/JMD-06-2016-0121","article-title":"Expanding entrepreneurship education ecosystems","volume":"36","author":"Belitski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manag. Dev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laamarti, F., Eid, M., and El Saddik, A. (2014). An Overview of Serious Games. Int. J. Comput. Games Technol., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/358152"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1108\/JCM-04-2014-0945","article-title":"Motivational effects and age differences of gamification in product advertising","volume":"31","author":"Bittner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Consum. Mark."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-015-0212-z","article-title":"A definition for gamification: Anchoring gamification in the service marketing literature","volume":"27","author":"Huotari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electron. Mark."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., and Nacke, L. (2011, January 28\u201330). From game design elements to gamefulness: Defining gamification. Proceedings of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, Tampere, Finland.","DOI":"10.1145\/2181037.2181040"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-3-653","article-title":"Gamification and Service Marketing","volume":"3","author":"Conaway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012447","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012447","article-title":"Gamification for health promotion: Systematic review of behavior change techniques in smartphone apps","volume":"6","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"158","article-title":"Academic Motivation: Concepts, Strategies, and Counseling Approaches","volume":"16","author":"Rowell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prof. Sch. Couns."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.12.033","article-title":"How gamification motivates: An experimental study of the effects of specific game design elements on psychological need satisfaction","volume":"69","author":"Sailer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"227","article-title":"Gamification of the Learning Process: Lessons Learned","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Iberoam. Tecnol. Aprendiz."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Alvarez, J., and Michaud, L. (2008). Serious Games: Advergaming, Edugaming, Training, and More, IDATE."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/0047239516665105","article-title":"Gamification and Game-Based Learning","volume":"45","author":"Karagiorgas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Educ. Technol. Syst."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2012.10.069","article-title":"Designing a Course for Stimulating Entrepreneurship in Higher Education through Serious Games","volume":"15","author":"Bellotti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Khosrow-Pour, M. (2018). Serious Games in Entrepreneurship Education. Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, IGI Global. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"4","article-title":"EagleRacing: Addressing Corporate Collaboration Challenges through an Online Simulation Game","volume":"5","author":"Anghern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Innov. J. Online Educ."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Field assessment of serious games for entrepreneurship in higher education","volume":"8","author":"Hauge","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Converg. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"61","article-title":"Simulations in Entrepreneurship Education: Serious Games and Learning Through Play","volume":"1","author":"Fox","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entrep. Educ. Pedagog."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2014.07.003","article-title":"Serious games and the development of an entrepreneurial mindset in higher education engineering students","volume":"5","author":"Bellotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Entertain. Comput."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.18844\/cjes.v12i2.1939","article-title":"Experience with Entrepreneurship Learning Using Serious Games","volume":"12","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cypriot J. Educ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"727","article-title":"Using Business Plans for Teaching Entrepreneurship","volume":"5","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Bus. Educ."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-530x2326-18","article-title":"Circular Business Plan: Entrepreneurship teaching instrument and development of the entrepreneurial profile","volume":"25","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gest\u00e3o Produ\u00e7\u00e3o"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Rosen, A. (2019, April 12). Why Collaboration Is Essential to Entrepreneurship. Available online: https:\/\/www.entrepreneur.com\/article\/245599."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Ulicsak, M., and Wright, M. (2010). Games in Education: Serious Games, Futurelab Series."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/03043797.2012.742872","article-title":"Learning in a game-based virtual environment: A comparative evaluation in higher education","volume":"38","author":"Mayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Eng. Educ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/jsbm.12025","article-title":"The Impact of an Entrepreneurship Education Program on Entrepreneurial Competences and Intention","volume":"51","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Small Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.02.054","article-title":"Applying Competency based Approach for Entrepreneurship Education","volume":"12","author":"Mojab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"20","article-title":"Towards Entrepreneurial Learning Competencies: The Perspective of Built Environment Students","volume":"5","author":"Kissi","year":"2015","journal-title":"High. Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"336","article-title":"Formative and Summative Assessment in Higher Education: Opinions and Practices of Instructors","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., and Wiliam, D. (2003). Assessment for Learning: Putting It into Practice, Open University Press."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"13","article-title":"Exploring effectiveness and rationale of different assessment types","volume":"1","author":"Price","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Initial Teach. Inq."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136864","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/136864","article-title":"Assessment in and of Serious Games: An Overview","volume":"2013","author":"Bellotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"147","article-title":"Learners\u2019 Assessment and Evaluation in Serious Games: Approaches and Techniques Review","volume":"Volume 301","author":"Dokas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management in Mediterranean Countries"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). Good Business: Leadership, Flow and the Making of Meaning, Penguin Books."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Approaches for Serious Game Design: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"8","author":"Rivera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Educ. J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catalano, E., Luccini, A., and Mortara, M. (2014). Guidelines for an effective design of serious games. Int. J. Serious Games, 1.","DOI":"10.17083\/ijsg.v1i1.8"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-05-2015-0111","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of serious games: The effect of gaming on entrepreneurial intent","volume":"29","author":"Newbery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. People"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/00461520.2015.1124022","article-title":"Constructionist Gaming: Understanding the Benefits of Making Games for Learning","volume":"50","author":"Kafai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Marer, P., Buzady, Z., and Vecsey, Z. (2016). Missing Link Discovered-Planting Csikszentmihalyi\u2019s Flow Theory into Management and Leadership Practice by Using FLIGBY, the Official Flow-Leadership Game, Aleas Inc."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Creswell, J., and Clark, V. (2017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"137","article-title":"Strategies to perform a mixed methods study","volume":"5","author":"Almeida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Educ. Stud."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Fowler, F. (2013). Survey Research Methods, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nardi, P. (2018). Doing Survey Research, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315172231"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Creswell, J., and Poth, C. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches, SAGE Publications."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Wilson, K. (2019, March 05). Entrepreneurship Education in Europe. Available online: https:\/\/www.oecd:site\/innovationstrategy\/42961567.pdf."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326","article-title":"The Psychology of Entrepreneurship","volume":"1","author":"Frese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Kouzes, J., and Posner, B. (2017). The Leadership Challenge: How to Make Extraordinary Things Happen in Organizations, Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razali, S., Rusiman, M., Gan, W., and Arbin, N. (2018). The Impact of Time Management on Students\u2019 Academic Achievement. J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 995.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/995\/1\/012042"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"245","article-title":"Time Management for Novice Nascent Entrepreneurs","volume":"3","author":"Forsyth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Entrep. Educ."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keefer, K., Parker, J., and Saklofske, D. (2018). Emotional Intelligence in Education, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90633-1"}],"container-title":["Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9709\/6\/3\/27\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:07:29Z","timestamp":1760188049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9709\/6\/3\/27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["informatics6030027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/informatics6030027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9709"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-9709","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]}}}