{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:36:17Z","timestamp":1760236577320,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]],"date-time":"2021-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cybersecurity is a never-ending battle against attackers, who try to identify and exploit misconfigurations and software vulnerabilities before being patched. In this ongoing conflict, it is important to analyse the properties of the vulnerability time series to understand when information systems are more vulnerable. We study computer systems\u2019 software vulnerabilities and probe the relevant National Vulnerability Database (NVD) time-series properties. More specifically, we show through an extensive experimental study based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database that the relevant systems software time series present significant chaotic properties. Moreover, by defining some systems based on open and closed source software, we compare their chaotic properties resulting in statistical conclusions. The contribution of this novel study is focused on the prepossessing stage of vulnerabilities time series forecasting. The strong evidence of their chaotic properties as derived by this research effort could lead to a deeper analysis to provide additional tools to their forecasting process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics8040086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T03:21:05Z","timestamp":1638847265000},"page":"86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Searching Deterministic Chaotic Properties in System-Wide Vulnerability Datasets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Tsantilis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 80 Karaoli & Dimitriou Str., 18534 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1240-4822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Dasaklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patra, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6849-6693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Douligeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 80 Karaoli & Dimitriou Str., 18534 Piraeus, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4460-9331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantinos","family":"Patsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics, University of Piraeus, 80 Karaoli & Dimitriou Str., 18534 Piraeus, Greece"},{"name":"Athena Research Center, Information Management Systems Institute, Artemidos 6, 15125 Marousi, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Schultz, E.E., Brown, D.S., and Longstaff, T.A. 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