{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:10:35Z","timestamp":1760238635989,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pandemic caused by the 2019 coronavirus disease has marked a total change in the development of society. Since then, its effects have been visible in people, both in work, education and psychological areas. There are many jobs and organizations that have set out to identify the reality of people after the pandemic and how the pandemic has affected their daily lives. To do this, countries have organized data and statistics collection campaigns that allow investigating the new needs of people. With this, instruments such as surveys have become more relevant and valid to know what these needs are. However, the analysis processes must guarantee answers that are able to determine the direct impact that each question has on people\u2019s feelings. This work proposes a framework to determine the incidence values of surveys based on their categories and questions and how they capture the reality of people in areas such as education, the impact of work, family and the stress generated by the pandemic. With the results obtained, each element and category that the population considers a consequence of COVID-19 that affects the normal development of life has been identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics9020046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T00:10:33Z","timestamp":1654560633000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of the Consequences of COVID-19 through the Analysis of Data Obtained in Surveys of a Specific Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-7710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Villegas-Ch.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda en Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n, FICA, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170125, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4540-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joselin","family":"Garc\u00eda-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda en Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n, FICA, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170125, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Ortiz-Garces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda en Tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n, FICA, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170125, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Viteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170411, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.46932\/sfjdv2n1-041","article-title":"COVID-19 and Universities in Latin America","volume":"2","author":"Campos","year":"2021","journal-title":"South Fla. J. Dev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.37394\/23207.2021.18.104","article-title":"Analysis of the Influence of Entrepreneurship Capability, Agility, Business Transformation, Opportunity on Start-up Behavior in Ecommerce Companies in Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Pramono","year":"2021","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. Bus. Econ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12810","article-title":"Telecommuting and Gender Inequalities in Parents\u2019 Paid and Unpaid Work before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"84","author":"Lyttelton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"7","article-title":"Evidence for Stalled ICT Adoption and the Facilitator ECommerce Adoption Model in SMEs","volume":"6","author":"Fleet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acad. Bus. World"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20449","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2755045","article-title":"Predicting Drug Side Effects Using Data Analytics and the Integration of Multiple Data Sources","volume":"5","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.telpol.2018.01.002","article-title":"Models for Individual Adoption of ECommerce, EBanking and EGovernment in Spain","volume":"43","author":"Herguera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Telecommun. Policy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e781","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.781","article-title":"Proposal of a Remote Education Model with the Integration of an ICT Architecture to Improve Learning Management","volume":"7","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villegas-Ch, W., S\u00e1nchez-Viteri, S., and Rom\u00e1n-Ca\u00f1izares, M. (2021). Academic Activities Recommendation System for Sustainable Education in the Age of COVID-19. Informatics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics8020029"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villegas-Ch, W., Rom\u00e1n-Ca\u00f1izares, M., and Palacios-Pacheco, X. (2020). Improvement of an Online Education Model with the Integration of Machine Learning and Data Analysis in an LMS. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10155371"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villegas-Ch., W., Palacios-Pacheco, X., and Roman-Ca\u00f1izares, M. (2021). Applied Sciences Analysis of Educational Data in the Current State of University Learning for the Transition to a Hybrid Education Model. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11052068"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Lone, S., Favero, I., Quaglieri, L., and Packiaraja, S. (2019). European Ecommerce Report 2019, Ecommerce Foundation."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"206","article-title":"Devising E-Commerce and Green Ecommerce Sustainability","volume":"7","author":"Arora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Huang, R. (2017, January 26\u201328). Ecommerce in Rural Areas and Environmental Sustainability: The Last-Mile Delivery. Proceedings of the 16th Wuhan International Conference on E-Business, WHICEB 2017, Wuhan, China."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.027","article-title":"Are We Facing a Crashing Wave of Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Potential Immunologic Mechanisms","volume":"87","author":"Troyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.06.008","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 on Business and Research","volume":"117","author":"Donthu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/jems.12400","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: Evidence from the First Three Months after Widespread Social-Distancing Restrictions","volume":"29","author":"Fairlie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Econ. Manag. Strategy"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2738","article-title":"COVID-19 and Implications for Eating Disorders","volume":"28","author":"Casas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Eat. Disord. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2020.15","article-title":"The Depressive State of Denmark during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"32","author":"Dinesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.014","article-title":"Brain Abnormalities in COVID-19 Acute\/Subacute Phase: A Rapid Systematic Review","volume":"89","author":"Egbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011","article-title":"Psychological Symptoms among Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan","volume":"67","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"363","article-title":"Analysis of Poverty in Ecuador, Period 2017\u20132018","volume":"12","author":"Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scielo"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Stiftung, B. (2022). BTI 2022 Country Report Ecuador, BTI."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda \u00c1lvarez, S., and Almeida Guzm\u00e1n, P. (2021). Analysis of Poverty in Ecuador, Period 2017\u20132018-Rev-2, Universidad de Cienfuegos."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"International Monetary Fund (2021). World Economic Outlook, October 2020 (Spanish Edition): A Long and Difficult Ascent, INTL Monetary Fund."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.probengmech.2019.103005","article-title":"Dominant Failure Mode Analysis Using Representative Samples Obtained by Multiple Response Surfaces Method","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probabilistic Eng. Mech."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Lasa, N.B., Benito, J.G., Montesinos, D.H., Manterola, A.G., S\u00e1nchez, J.P.E., Garc\u00eda, J.L.P., and Germ\u00e1n, M.\u00c1.S. (2020). Las Consecuencias Psicol\u00f3gicas de la COVID-19 Y el Confinamiento Informe de Investigaci\u00f3n, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"(2022, April 24). A Prospective Survay of Patients\u2019 Satisfaction with Urethral Reconstructive Surgery\u2014ScienceDirect. Available online: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0022534718343933."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022942","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.22942","article-title":"Changes in Adult Alcohol Use and Consequences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US","volume":"3","author":"Pollard","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23109","article-title":"Exposure to COVID-19 Pandemic Stress: Associations with Depression and Anxiety in Emerging Adults in the United States","volume":"37","author":"Kujawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2021.100394","article-title":"Facilitating Flexible Learning by Replacing Classroom Time with an Online Learning Environment: A Systematic Review of Blended Learning in Higher Education","volume":"34","author":"Mildenberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 Pandemisinin Toplum Psikolojisine Etkileri ve E\u011fitime Yans\u0131malar\u0131","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Turk. Stud."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Engzell, P., Frey, A., and Verhagen, M. (2020). Learning Inequality during the COVID-19 Pandemic, University of Oxford."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Influence of the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Violence in China","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15484","article-title":"The Impacts of COVID-19 on Children","volume":"109","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"229","article-title":"Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Labor Market Surveys at the German Institute for Employment Research","volume":"14","author":"Sakshaug","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surv. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Londhe, A., and Rao, P.P. (2017, January 1\u20132). Platforms for Big Data Analytics: Trend towards Hybrid Era. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS), Chennai, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECDS.2017.8390056"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.probengmech.2020.103034","article-title":"A Non-Linear Stochastic Approach of Ligaments and Tendons Fractional-Order Hereditariness","volume":"60","author":"Bologna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probab. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1991.tb01844.x","article-title":"Some Tools for Functional Data Analysis","volume":"53","author":"Ramsay","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B (Methodol.)"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2013.05.007","article-title":"Investigating Use Continuance of Data Mining Tools","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Manag."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"23","article-title":"Factors Affecting Ecommerce Adoption in Nigerian Banks","volume":"20","author":"Aghaunor","year":"2006","journal-title":"IT Bus. Renew."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.008","article-title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Correlates of Insomnia in Volunteer and at Home Medical Staff during the COVID-19","volume":"87","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2016.08.007","article-title":"Factors Influencing Big Data Decision-Making Quality","volume":"70","author":"Janssen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Bus. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01546","article-title":"Motivational and Affective Factors Underlying Consumer Dropout and Transactional Success in ECommerce: An Overview","volume":"11","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musa, S., Ali, N.B.M., Miskon, S.B., and Giro, M.A. (2019). Success Factors for Business Intelligence Systems Implementation in Higher Education Institutions\u2014A Review, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99007-1_31"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","article-title":"Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"227","article-title":"Management of Educative Data in University Students with the Use of Big Data Techniques","volume":"E19","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Iber. Sist. E Tecnol. Inf."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villegas-Ch, W., and Luj\u00e1n-Mora, S. (2017, January 6\u20138). Systematic Review of Evidence on Data Mining Applied to LMS Platforms for Improving E-Learning. Proceedings of the International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain.","DOI":"10.21125\/inted.2017.1510"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villegas-Ch, W., Garc\u00eda-Ortiz, J., and S\u00e1nchez-Viteri, S. (2021). Identification of the Factors That Influence University Learning with Low-Code\/No-Code Artificial Intelligence Techniques. Electronics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10101192"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-020-10219-y","article-title":"Exploring the Critical Challenges and Factors Influencing the E-Learning System Usage during COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"25","author":"Almaiah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanyal, S. (2019, January 18\u201319). Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction with Ecommerce Websites\u2014An Omani Perspective. Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Digitization (ICD), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICD47981.2019.9105780"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Determinant Factors of Food and Beverage Small and Medium Industries Competitive Advantage That Mediated by E-Commerce Adoption Level in Bogor","volume":"11","author":"Octora","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-714","article-title":"Sustaining Education in the Age of COVID-19: A Survey of Synchronous Web-Based Platforms","volume":"10","author":"Sidpra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"639","article-title":"Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic and Itsconsequences from the Vantage Point of Feministsocial Psychology (Afrontando La Pandemia COVID-19 y Sus Consecuencias Desde La Psicolog\u00edaSocial Feminista) ((Afrontando La Pandemia COVID-19y Sus Consecuencias Desde La Psicolog\u00eda Socialfeminista))","volume":"35","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepin Molina, C. (2020). La Familia Ante La Pandemia Del COVID-19. Ius Et Prax., 23\u201329.","DOI":"10.26439\/iusetpraxis2020.n50-51.5028"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820933599","article-title":"A Multimodal Multi-Institutional Solution to Remote Medical Student Education for Otolaryngology During COVID-19","volume":"163","author":"Ruthberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.045","article-title":"The Immediate Mental Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic among People with or without Quarantine Managements","volume":"87","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720000999","article-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Attitude toward Crisis Mental Health Services among Clinically Stable Patients with COVID-19 in China","volume":"51","author":"Bo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pregowska, A., Masztalerz, K., Garli\u0144ska, M., and Osial, M. (2021). A Worldwide Journey through Distance Education\u2014From the Post Office to Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Realities, and Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Educ. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11030118"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.0c00541","article-title":"How Chemists Achieve Active Learning Online during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) Framework to Support Remote Teaching","volume":"97","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00066.2020","article-title":"Smartphone-Assisted Experimentation as a Didactic Strategy to Maintain Practical Lessons in Remote Education: Alternatives for Physiology Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"44","author":"Abdulkader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Physiol. Educ."}],"container-title":["Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9709\/9\/2\/46\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:25:12Z","timestamp":1760138712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2227-9709\/9\/2\/46"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["informatics9020046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/informatics9020046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-9709"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2227-9709"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]}}}