{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T09:47:17Z","timestamp":1775555237135,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,6]],"date-time":"2022-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["DP5OD029610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP5OD029610"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["P30EY022589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY022589"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","award":["DP5OD029610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP5OD029610"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","award":["P30EY022589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY022589"]}]},{"name":"NIH Diversity Supplement","award":["DP5OD029610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP5OD029610"]}]},{"name":"NIH Diversity Supplement","award":["P30EY022589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY022589"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness Medical Student Eye Research Fellowship","award":["DP5OD029610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP5OD029610"]}]},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness Medical Student Eye Research Fellowship","award":["P30EY022589"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY022589"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Blood pressure (BP) dysregulation is a known risk factor, and home-based BP monitoring is increasingly used, but the usability of digital health devices to measure BP among glaucoma patients is not well studied. There may be particular usability challenges among this group, given that glaucoma disproportionately affects the elderly and can cause visual impairment. Therefore, the goal of this mixed-methods study was to assess the usability of a smart watch digital health device for home BP monitoring among glaucoma patients. Adult participants were recruited and given a smartwatch blood pressure monitor for at-home use. The eHEALS questionnaire was used to determine baseline digital health literacy. After a week of use, participants assessed the usability of the BP monitor and related mobile app using the Post-study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) and the System Usability Scale (SUS), standardized instruments to measure usability in health information technology interventions. Variations in scores were evaluated using ANOVA and open-ended responses about participants\u2019 experience were analyzed thematically. Overall, usability scores corresponded to the 80th\u201384th percentile, although older patients endorsed significantly worse usability based on quantitative scores and additionally provided qualitative feedback describing some difficulty using the device. Usability for older patients should be considered in the design of digital health devices for glaucoma given their disproportionate burden of disease and challenges in navigating digital health technologies, although the overall high usability scores for the device demonstrates promise for future clinical applications in glaucoma risk stratification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics9040079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,8]],"date-time":"2022-10-08T23:39:31Z","timestamp":1665272371000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Assessing Usability of Smartwatch Digital Health Devices for Home Blood Pressure Monitoring among Glaucoma Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-5649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonali B.","family":"Bhanvadia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2123-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manreet S.","family":"Brar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Delavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Tavakoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharanidharan","family":"Radha Saseendrakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert N.","family":"Weinreb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1143-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda M.","family":"Zangwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5271-7690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally L.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, 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