{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:08:29Z","timestamp":1777990109186,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":189,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national funds","award":["UIDB\/04524\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04524\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["UID\/CEC\/00127\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CEC\/00127\/2021"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["EQC2019-006063-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EQC2019-006063-P"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Informatics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive view of (1) the purposes of research studies using smart city infrastructures to promote citizen participation in the cities\u2019 management and governance, (2) the characteristics of the proposed solutions in terms of data sources, data quality, and data security and privacy mechanisms, as well, as strategies to incentivize citizen participation, and (3) the development stages of the applications being reported. An electronic search was conducted combining relevant databases and keywords, and 76 studies were included after a selection process. The results show a current interest in developing applications to promote citizen participation to identify urban problems and contribute to decision-making processes. Most of the included studies considered citizens as agents able to report issues (e.g., issues related to the maintenance of urban infrastructures or the mobility in urban spaces), monitor certain environmental parameters (e.g., air or acoustic pollution), and share opinions (e.g., opinions about the performance of local authorities) to support city management. Moreover, a minority of the included studies developed collaborative applications to involve citizens in decision-making processes in urban planning, the selection of development projects, and deepening democratic values. It is possible to conclude about the existence of significant research related to the topic of this systematic review, but also about the need to deepen mechanisms to guarantee data quality and data security and privacy, to develop strategies to incentivize citizen participation, and to implement robust experimental set-ups to evaluate the impact of the developed applications in daily contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/informatics9040089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Smart City Applications to Promote Citizen Participation in City Management and Governance: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6618-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bastos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Communications Research Centre, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5062-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science and Communications Research Centre, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"INOV INESC INOVA\u00c7\u00c3O, Institute of New Technologies\u2014Leiria Office, Apartado 4163, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3801-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson Pacheco","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pavlik, A. 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