{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T13:06:54Z","timestamp":1783256814797,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has become a strategic priority for future e-healthcare because of its ability to improve patient care and its scope of providing more reliable clinical data, increasing efficiency, and reducing costs. It is no wonder that many healthcare institutions nowadays like to harness the benefits offered by the IoMT. In fact, it is an infrastructure with connected medical devices, software applications, and care systems and services. However, the accelerated adoption of connected devices also has a serious side effect: it obscures the broader need to meet the requirements of standard security for modern converged environments (even beyond connected medical devices). Adding up different types and numbers of devices risks creating significant security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we have undertaken a study of various security techniques dedicated to this environment during recent years. This study enables us to classify these techniques and to characterize them in order to benefit from their positive aspects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcp2030033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T03:15:27Z","timestamp":1660706127000},"page":"640-661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Security and Privacy Management in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): A Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Rachida","family":"Hireche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Networks and Distributed Systems LRSD, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University S\u00e9tif 1, S\u00e9tif 19000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houssem","family":"Mansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Networks and Distributed Systems LRSD, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University S\u00e9tif 1, S\u00e9tif 19000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6572-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al-Sakib Khan","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1550147718768994","article-title":"The state of the art wireless body area sensor networks: A survey","volume":"14","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2020.1854180","article-title":"A formally verified authentication protocol in secure framework for mobile healthcare during COVID-19 like pandemic","volume":"33","author":"Ahamad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Connect. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"731","article-title":"Security, privacy and trust in IoMT enabled smart healthcare system: A systematic review of current and future trends","volume":"12","author":"Vaiyapuri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2022.103332","article-title":"Security and privacy of internet of medical things: A contemporary review in the age of surveillance, botnets, and adversarial","volume":"201","author":"Rasool","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.24966\/FLIS-733X\/100029","article-title":"Digital forensic investigation for the Internet of medical things (IoMT)","volume":"5","author":"Jahankhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forensic Leg. Investig. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"414","article-title":"A review of internet of medical things (IoMT)\u2014Based remote health monitoring through wearable sensors: A case study for diabetic patients. Indones","volume":"20","author":"Alkahtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemalatha, R.J., Akila, D., Balaganesh, D., and Paul, A. (2022). Architecture of IoMT in healthcare. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Healthcare Transformation, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119769200"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8707","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3045653","article-title":"Recent advances in the internet of medical things (IoMT) systems security","volume":"8","author":"Ghubaish","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7606","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2886601","article-title":"The Internet of things: A review of enabled technologies and future challenges","volume":"7","author":"Din","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1586\/erd.11.16","article-title":"Wireless communication with implanted medical devices using the conductive properties of the body","volume":"8","author":"Ferguson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Med. Devices"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.03.032","article-title":"Challenges in wireless communication for connected sensors and wearable devices used in sport biofeedback applications","volume":"92","author":"Kos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-020-01759-5","article-title":"Securing communication by attribute-based authentication in hetnet used for medical applications","volume":"146","author":"Lone","year":"2020","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2017.37","article-title":"Fog computing for the internet of things: Security and privacy issues","volume":"21","author":"Alrawais","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e414","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.414","article-title":"A systematic review of security and privacy issues in the internet of medical things; the role of machine learning approaches","volume":"7","author":"Hameed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Peer. J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, U., Chakraborty, C., Garg, L., and Srivastava, G. (2022). A review on security and privacy of internet of medical things. Intelligent Internet of Things for Healthcare and Industry, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-81473-1"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Peng, S.L., Pal, S., and Huang, L. (2020). IoT sensing capabilities: Sensor deployment and node discovery, wearable sensors, wireless body area network (WBAN), data acquisition. Principles of Internet of Things (IoT) Ecosystem: Insight Paradigm, Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhary, G., and Jain, A.K. (2016, January 23\u201325). Internet of things: A survey on architecture, technologies, protocols and challenges. Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering, Jaipur, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRAIE.2016.7939537"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatti, M. (2019). Security mechanisms for 6LoWPAN network in context of internet of things: A Survey. Renewable Energy for Smart and Sustainable Cities, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-04789-4"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-018-0618-4","article-title":"The application of internet of things in healthcare: A systematic literature review and classification","volume":"18","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Univ. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2015.2437951","article-title":"The internet of things for health care: A comprehensive survey","volume":"3","author":"Islam","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elhoseny, M., Thilakarathne, N.N., Alghamdi, M.I., Mahendran, R.K., Gardezi, A.A., Weerasinghe, H., and Welhenge, A. (2021). Security and privacy issues in medical internet of things: Overview, countermeasures, challenges and future directions. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111645"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toscano, E., and Bello, L.L. (2012, January 21\u201324). Comparative assessments of IEEE 802.15. 4\/ZigBee and 6LoWPAN for low-power industrial WSNs in realistic scenarios. Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems, Lemgo, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/WFCS.2012.6242553"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabish, R., Mnaouer, A.B., Touati, F., and Ghaleb, A.M. (2013, January 17\u201320). A comparative analysis of BLE and 6LoWPAN for U-HealthCare applications. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE GCC Conference and Exhibition, Doha, Qatar.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEEGCC.2013.6705791"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haxhibeqiri, J., De Poorter, E., Moerman, I., and Hoebeke, J. (2018). A survey of LoRaWAN for IoT: From technology to application. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113995"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12817-7_36","article-title":"RFID in healthcare\u2013current trends and the future","volume":"Volume 5","author":"Kasabov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Springer Series in Bio-\/Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.05.057","article-title":"Detecting sybil attacks in wireless sensor networks using UWB ranging-based information","volume":"42","author":"Sarigiannidis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, H. (2012, January 21\u201323). WIFI network information security analysis research. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks, Yichang, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CECNet.2012.6201786"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, X., Karampatzakis, E., Doerr, C., and Kuipers, F. (2018, January 17\u201320). Security vulnerabilities in LoRaWAN. Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM 3rd International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation, Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IoTDI.2018.00022"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Duggal, A. (2017, January 10\u201314). HL7 2. x security. Proceedings of the 8th Annual HITB Security Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flury, M., Poturalski, M., Papadimitratos, P., Hubaux, J.P., and Le Boudec, J.Y. (2010, January 22\u201324). Effectiveness of distance-decreasing attacks against impulse radio ranging. Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Wireless Network Security, Hoboken, NJ, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1741866.1741887"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"367","article-title":"Threshold-based energy-efficient routing for transmission of critical physiological parameters in a wireless body area network under emergency scenarios","volume":"43","author":"Navya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Nanayakkara, N., Halgamuge, M.N., and Syed, A. (2019, January 6\u20137). Security and privacy of internet of medical things (IoMT) based healthcare applications: A review. Proceedings of the 262nd IIER International Conference, Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452683","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2452683","article-title":"Merging RFID and blockchain technologies to accelerate big data medical research based on physiological signals","volume":"2020","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.12.028","article-title":"Securing internet of medical things systems: Limitations, issues and recommendations","volume":"105","author":"Yaacoub","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/03091902.2019.1707890","article-title":"Certificateless pairing-free authentication scheme for wireless body area network in healthcare management system","volume":"44","author":"Kasyoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belkhouja, T., Sorour, S., and Hefeida, M.S. (2019, January 9\u201313). Role-based hierarchical medical data encryption for implantable medical devices. Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference, Waikoloa, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9014192"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatzivasilis, G., Soultatos, O., Ioannidis, S., Verikoukis, C., Demetriou, G., and Tsatsoulis, C.I. (2019, January 29\u201331). Review of security and privacy for the internet of medical things. Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, Santorini, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/DCOSS.2019.00091"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Hash, J., Bowen, P., Johnson, L., Smith, C., and Steinberg, D. (2008). An Introductory Resource Guide for Implementing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Security Rule, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Special Publication (NIST SP)."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koutras, D., Stergiopoulos, G., and Dasaklis, T. (2020). Security in IoMT communications: A survey. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174828"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183339","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2960617","article-title":"Security and privacy for the internet of medical things enabled healthcare systems: A survey","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4049","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.4049","article-title":"A Survey on Security Threats and Countermeasures in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)","volume":"33","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7916","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03570-x","article-title":"Towards design and implementation of security and privacy framework for internet of medical things (iomt) by leveraging blockchain and ipfs technology","volume":"77","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Davis, J. (2022, June 23). Ransomware Attacks Cost Healthcare Sector at Least $160M Since 2016. Available online: https:\/\/healthitsecurity.com\/."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24154","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2899558","article-title":"A novel deep learning strategy for classifying different attack patterns for deep brain implants","volume":"7","author":"Rathore","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"(2022, August 05). \u2018Lives Are at Stake\u2019: Hacking of US Hospitals Highlights Deadly Risk of Ransomware, The Guardian. Available online: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2022\/jul\/14\/ransomware-attacks-cybersecurity-targeting-us-hospitals."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33966-1_10","article-title":"Intelligent, secure big health data management using deep learning and blockchain technology: An overview","volume":"Volume 68","author":"Dash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Deep Learning Techniques for Biomedical and Health Informatics"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maji, S., Banerjee, U., Fuller, S.H., Abdelhamid, M.R., Nadeau, P.M., Yazicigil, R.T., and Chandrakasan, A.P. (2020, January 22\u201325). A low-power dual-Factor authentication unit for secure implantable devices. Proceedings of the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, Newport Beach, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC48029.2020.9075945"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrea, I., Chrysostomou, C., and Hadjichristofi, G. (2015, January 6\u20139). Internet of things: Security vulnerabilities and challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication, Larnaca, Cyprus, Greek.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC.2015.7405513"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abosata, N., Al-Rubaye, S., Inalhan, G., and Emmanouilidis, C. (2021). Internet of things for system integrity: A comprehensive survey on security, attacks and countermeasures for industrial applications. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21113654"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"127072","article-title":"GPS vulnerability to spoofing threats and a review of antispoofing techniques","volume":"2012","author":"Broumandan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Navig. Obs."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"306","article-title":"An efficient approach for enhancing security in Internet of Things using the optimum authentication key","volume":"42","author":"Kalyani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burhan, M., Rehman, R.A., Khan, B., and Kim, B.-S. (2018). IoT elements, layered architectures and security issues: A comprehensive survey. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092796"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3089462","article-title":"Man-in-the-Middle Attack Mitigation in Internet of Medical Things","volume":"18","author":"Salem","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100200","article-title":"Lightweight rogue access point detection algorithm for WiFi-enabled internet of things (IoT) devices","volume":"11","author":"Agyemang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.37868\/sei.v3i1.124","article-title":"Survey of DoS\/DDoS attacks in IoT","volume":"3","author":"Khader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sust. Eng. Innov."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-0733-2_60","article-title":"Detection and prevention of DoS and DDoS in IoT","volume":"Volume 203","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1489-9","article-title":"Cyber-attacks on healthcare devices using unmanned aerial vehicles","volume":"44","author":"Sethuraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pathan, A.-S.K., Lee, H.-W., and Hong, C.S. (2006, January 20\u201322). Security in wireless sensor networks: Issues and challenges. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (IEEE ICACT 2006), Gangwon, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACT.2006.206151"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marin-Jim\u00e9nez, M.J., Castro, F.M., Guil, N., De la Torre, F., and Medina-Carnicer, R. (2017, January 17\u201320). Deep multi-task learning for gait-based biometrics. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2017.8296252"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwartz, O., Mathov, Y., Bohadana, M., Elovici, Y., and Oren, Y. (2017, January 13\u201315). Opening pandora\u2019s box: Effective techniques for reverse engineering IoT Devices. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications, Lugano, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-75208-2_1"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"386","article-title":"Lethality of SQL injection against current and future internet-technologies","volume":"9","author":"Pathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2017.23.1.4","article-title":"Wearable devices in medical internet of things: Scientific research and commercially available devices","volume":"23","author":"Haghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Healthc. Inform. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2521727","article-title":"Security tradeoffs in cyber physical systems: A case study survey on implantable medical devices","volume":"4","author":"Altawy","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MDAT.2015.2464813","article-title":"Enabling safe interoperation by medical device virtual integration","volume":"32","author":"Larson","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Des. Test"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2740","article-title":"How to evaluate an internet of things system: Models, case studies, and real developments","volume":"49","author":"Sicari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Software Pract. Exp."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.18517\/ijaseit.7.6.4467","article-title":"E-health-IoT universe: A review","volume":"7","author":"Scarpato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2016.11.004","article-title":"Recent advances in wearable sensors for animal health management","volume":"12","author":"Neethirajan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Bio-Sens. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.083","article-title":"A Review of wearable internet-of-things device for healthcare","volume":"179","author":"Suranthaa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.H., and Seo, D.W. (2019). Development of ECG monitoring system and implantable device with wireless charging. Micromachines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi10010038"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limaye, A., and Adegbija, T.A. (2017, January 3\u20135). Workload Characterization for the internet of medical things (IoMT). Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI, Bochum, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISVLSI.2017.60"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsubaei, F., Shiva, S., and Abuhussein, A. (2017, January 9). Security and privacy in the internet of medical things: Taxonomy and risk assessment. Proceedings of the 42nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops, Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/LCN.Workshops.2017.72"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roselli, L. (2014). Integrating tiny RFID- and NFC-based sensors with the Internet. Green RFID Systems, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139343459"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"779","article-title":"Internet of things: Machine to machine communication with emphasis on role of RFID and NFC","volume":"6","author":"Bhanushali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2019.27.253-258","article-title":"Security requirements of internet of things-based healthcare system: A survey study","volume":"27","author":"Nasiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta. Inform. Med."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-01710-y","article-title":"MedSBA: A novel and secure scheme to share medical data based on blockchain technology and attribute-based encryption","volume":"11","author":"Pournaghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95956","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995917","article-title":"Bakmp-iomt: Design of blockchain enabled authenticated key management protocol for internet of medical things deployment","volume":"8","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahir, M., Sardaraz, M., Muhammad, S., and Saud Khan, M. (2020). A lightweight authentication and authorization framework for blockchain enabled IoT network in health-informatics. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12176960"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8770","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2923525","article-title":"Healthchain: A blockchain-based privacy preserving scheme for largescale health data","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3020599","article-title":"Smart mutual authentication protocol for cloud based medical healthcare systems using internet of medical things","volume":"39","author":"Deebak","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2019.2926192","article-title":"Pmsec: Physical unclonable function-based robust and lightweight authentication in the internet of medical things","volume":"65","author":"Yanambaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21418","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2815540","article-title":"Multimodal feature-level fusion for biometrics identification system on iomt platform","volume":"6","author":"Xin","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4960964","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4960964","article-title":"Preserving data privacy in the internet of medical things using dual signature ecdsa","volume":"2020","author":"Cano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Secur. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.08.023","article-title":"Reversible data hiding exploiting huffman encoding with dual images for IoMT based healthcare","volume":"163","author":"Gull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9200","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2929087","article-title":"Practical privacy-preserving ECG-based authentication for IoT-based healthcare","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9555","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2929803","article-title":"Blind batch encryption-based protocol for secure and privacy-preserving medical services in smart connected health","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Mohamed, A. (2020). Secure medical treatment with deep learning on embedded board. Energy Efficiency of Medical Devices and Healthcare Applications, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12390","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12390","article-title":"AUDIT: Anomalous data detection and Isolation approach for mobile healthcare systems","volume":"37","author":"Lahyani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Syst."},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"39","article-title":"An effective feature engineering for DNN using hybrid PCA-GWO for intrusion detection in IoMT architecture","volume":"160","author":"Priya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77396","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2986013","article-title":"Effective attack detection in internet of medical things smart environment using a deep belief neural network","volume":"8","author":"Manimurugan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barros, A., Ros\u00e1rio, D., Resque, P., and Cerqueira, E. (2019, January 24\u201328). Heart of IoT: ECG as biometric sign for authentication and identification. Proceedings of the 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference, Piscataway, NJ, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2019.8766495"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2624-800X\/2\/3\/33\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:10:50Z","timestamp":1760141450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2624-800X\/2\/3\/33"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcp2030033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcp2030033","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-800X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-800X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]}}}