{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:25:51Z","timestamp":1787066751156,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCP"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Generative artificial intelligence (AI) and persistent empirical gaps are reshaping the cyber threat landscape faster than Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) research can respond. We reviewed 10 recent ZTA surveys and 136 primary studies (2022\u20132024) and found that 98% provided only partial or no real-world validation, leaving several core controls largely untested. Our critique, therefore, proceeds on two axes: first, mainstream ZTA research is empirically under-powered and operationally unproven; second, generative-AI attacks exploit these very weaknesses, accelerating policy bypass and detection failure. To expose this compounding risk, we contribute the Cyber Fraud Kill Chain (CFKC), a seven-stage attacker model (target identification, preparation, engagement, deception, execution, monetization, and cover-up) that maps specific generative techniques to NIST SP 800-207 components they erode. The CFKC highlights how synthetic identities, context manipulation and adversarial telemetry drive up false-negative rates, extend dwell time, and sidestep audit trails, thereby undermining the Zero-Trust principles of verify explicitly and assume breach. Existing guidance offers no systematic countermeasures for AI-scaled attacks, and that compliance regimes struggle to audit content that AI can mutate on demand. Finally, we outline research directions for adaptive, evidence-driven ZTA, and we argue that incremental extensions of current ZTA that are insufficient; only a generative-AI-aware redesign will sustain defensive parity in the coming threat cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcp5040087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T11:39:34Z","timestamp":1760701174000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Erosion of Cybersecurity Zero-Trust Principles Through Generative AI: A Survey on the Challenges and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3930-7381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-2446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iqbal","family":"Gondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7351-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xun","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9416-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teo","family":"Susnjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1399-7175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Watters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyberstronomy Pty Ltd., Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-4266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy R.","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Cyberoo Pty Ltd., Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57143","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3174679","article-title":"ZTA: A comprehensive survey","volume":"10","author":"Syed","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101227","article-title":"Verify and trust: A multidimensional survey of zero-trust security in the age of IoT","volume":"27","author":"Azad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.04.022","article-title":"Proxy smart contracts for zero trust architecture implementation in Decentralised Oracle Networks based applications","volume":"206","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. 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