{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:15:20Z","timestamp":1760145320259,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Associazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro","award":["AIRC MFAG 2017\u2014ID. 20153 project\u2014P.I. Dario Livio Longo","project IMPARA\u2014ID. PIR01_00023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIRC MFAG 2017\u2014ID. 20153 project\u2014P.I. Dario Livio Longo","project IMPARA\u2014ID. PIR01_00023"]}]},{"name":"Programma Operativo Nazionale Ricerca e Innovazione (PON)","award":["AIRC MFAG 2017\u2014ID. 20153 project\u2014P.I. Dario Livio Longo","project IMPARA\u2014ID. PIR01_00023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIRC MFAG 2017\u2014ID. 20153 project\u2014P.I. Dario Livio Longo","project IMPARA\u2014ID. PIR01_00023"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry for Education and Research","award":["AIRC MFAG 2017\u2014ID. 20153 project\u2014P.I. Dario Livio Longo","project IMPARA\u2014ID. PIR01_00023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIRC MFAG 2017\u2014ID. 20153 project\u2014P.I. Dario Livio Longo","project IMPARA\u2014ID. PIR01_00023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>CEST-MRI is an emerging imaging technique suitable for various in vivo applications, including the quantification of tumor acidosis. Traditionally, CEST contrast is calculated by asymmetry analysis, but the presence of fat signals leads to wrong contrast quantification and hence to inaccurate pH measurements. In this study, we investigated four post-processing approaches to overcome fat signal influences and enable correct CEST contrast calculations and tumor pH measurements using iopamidol. The proposed methods involve replacing the Z-spectrum region affected by fat peaks by (i) using a linear interpolation of the fat frequencies, (ii) applying water pool Lorentzian fitting, (iii) considering only the positive part of the Z-spectrum, or (iv) calculating a correction factor for the ratiometric value. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the possibility of using these approaches to calculate CEST contrast and then to measure tumor pH, even in the presence of moderate to high fat fraction values. However, only the method based on the water pool Lorentzian fitting produced highly accurate results in terms of pH measurement in tumor-bearing mice with low and high fat contents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging10070166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T14:04:35Z","timestamp":1720793075000},"page":"166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of Four Different Methods to Improve MRI-CEST Tumor pH Mapping in Presence of Fat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9828-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Gammaraccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Villano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Irrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annasofia A.","family":"Anemone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Carella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Corrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6906-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario Livio","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 10126 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2899","article-title":"Nuts and bolts of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22761","article-title":"Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST): What is in a name and what isn\u2019t?","volume":"65","author":"Yadav","year":"2011","journal-title":"Magn. 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