{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:26:34Z","timestamp":1760145994495,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nutrition in early life has an impact on white matter (WM) development in preterm-born babies. Quantitative analysis of pixel brightness intensity (PBI) on cranial ultrasound (CUS) scans has shown a great potential in the evaluation of periventricular WM echogenicity in preterm newborns. We aimed to investigate the employment of this technique to objectively verify the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) on periventricular WM damage in preterm infants. Prospective observational study including newborns with gestational age at birth \u226432 weeks and\/or birth weight \u22641500 g who underwent CUS examination at term-equivalent age. The echogenicity of parieto\u2013occipital periventricular WM relative to that of homolateral choroid plexus (RECP) was calculated on parasagittal scans by means of quantitative analysis of PBI. Its relationship with nutrient intake through enteral and parenteral routes in the first postnatal week was evaluated. The study included 42 neonates for analysis. We demonstrated that energy and protein intake administered through the parenteral route positively correlated with both right and left RECP values (parenteral energy intake vs. right RECP: r = 0.413, p = 0.007; parenteral energy intake vs. left RECP: r = 0.422, p = 0.005; parenteral amino acid intake vs. right RECP: r = 0.438, p = 0.004; parenteral amino acid intake vs. left RECP: r = 0.446, p = 0.003). Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed these findings. Quantitative assessment of PBI could be considered a simple, risk-free, and repeatable method to investigate the effects of PN on WM development in preterm neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging10090224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T07:33:25Z","timestamp":1725953605000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative Evaluation of White Matter Injury by Cranial Ultrasound to Detect the Effects of Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Babies: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7807-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Laccetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"De Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Cellitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6916-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Di Chiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Tagliabracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9042-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sense Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant\u2019Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Gloria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5525-4353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Spalice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-2876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Terrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988101","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.988101","article-title":"Early nutritional intake influences the serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in preterm newborns","volume":"13","author":"Petrella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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