{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:39:28Z","timestamp":1766428768809,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group (ISysRG)"},{"name":"Universitas Sriwijaya"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Echocardiography is the gold standard for the comprehensive diagnosis of cardiac septal defects (CSDs). Currently, echocardiography diagnosis is primarily based on expert observation, which is laborious and time-consuming. With digitization, deep learning (DL) can be used to improve the efficiency of the diagnosis. This study presents a real-time end-to-end framework tailored for pediatric ultrasound video analysis for CSD decision-making. The framework employs an advanced real-time architecture based on You Only Look Once (Yolo) techniques for CSD decision-making with high accuracy. Leveraging the state of the art with the Yolov8l (large) architecture, the proposed model achieves a robust performance in real-time processes. It can be observed that the experiment yielded a mean average precision (mAP) exceeding 89%, indicating the framework\u2019s effectiveness in accurately diagnosing CSDs from ultrasound (US) videos. The Yolov8l model exhibits precise performance in the real-time testing of pediatric patients from Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital in Palembang, Indonesia. Based on the results of the proposed model using 222 US videos, it exhibits 95.86% accuracy, 96.82% sensitivity, and 98.74% specificity. During real-time testing in the hospital, the model exhibits a 97.17% accuracy, 95.80% sensitivity, and 98.15% specificity; only 3 out of the 53 US videos in the real-time process were diagnosed incorrectly. This comprehensive approach holds promise for enhancing clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes in pediatric cardiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging10110280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T05:41:23Z","timestamp":1730698883000},"page":"280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Real-Time End-to-End Framework with a Stacked Model Using Ultrasound Video for Cardiac Septal Defect Decision-Making"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8024-2952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti","family":"Nurmaini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ria","family":"Nova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric, Cardiology Division, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang 30126, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ade","family":"Sapitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Rachmatullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bambang","family":"Tutuko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Firdaus","family":"Firdaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annisa","family":"Darmawahyuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anggun","family":"Islami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6997-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satria","family":"Mandala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Centric (HUMIC) Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung 40257, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5853-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radiyati","family":"Partan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang 30126, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhiar","family":"Arum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rio","family":"Bastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent System Research Group, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang 30139, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s44156-022-00006-5","article-title":"A practical guideline for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram in the congenital heart disease patient: Consensus recommendations from the British Society of Echocardiography","volume":"9","author":"Corbett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Echo Res. 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