{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T20:54:49Z","timestamp":1776286489188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["TKP2021-NKTA-46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-NKTA-46"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology within the framework of the Artificial Intelligence National Laboratory Program","award":["TKP2021-NKTA-46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-NKTA-46"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by excessive trabeculation, which may impair left ventricular function over time. While cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is considered the gold standard for evaluating LV morphology, the optimal modality for follow-up remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the correlation and agreement among two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D_TTE), three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D_TTE), and CMR by comparing volumetric and strain parameters in LVNC patients and healthy individuals. Thirty-eight LVNC subjects with preserved ejection fraction and thirty-four healthy controls underwent all three imaging modalities. Indexed end-diastolic, end-systolic, and stroke volumes, ejection fraction, and global longitudinal and circumferential strains were evaluated using Pearson correlation and Bland\u2013Altman analysis. In the healthy group, volumetric parameters showed strong correlation and good agreement across modalities, particularly between 3D_TTE and CMR. In contrast, agreement in the LVNC group was moderate, with lower correlation and higher percentage errors, especially for strain parameters. Functional data exhibited weak or no correlation, regardless of group. These findings suggest that while echocardiography may be suitable for volumetric follow-up in LVNC after baseline CMR, deformation parameters are not interchangeable between modalities, likely due to trabecular interference. Further studies are warranted to validate modality-specific strain assessment in hypertrabeculated hearts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging11060185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T08:51:04Z","timestamp":1749027064000},"page":"185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Imaging Modalities for Left Ventricular Noncompaction Morphology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rton","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorottya","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"M\u00e1rkusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Physics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rton","family":"Tokodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna R\u00e9ka","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"Gregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kinga","family":"Grebur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9255-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krist\u00f3f","family":"Farkas-S\u00fct\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0998-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Mester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00f3ra","family":"Gyul\u00e1nczi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6514-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Merkely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajnalka","family":"V\u00e1g\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sz\u0171cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2010.01.002","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular non-compaction in adults: Side-by-side comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with echocardiography","volume":"103","author":"Thuny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"223","article-title":"Design, analysis, and interpretation of method-comparison studies","volume":"19","author":"Hanneman","year":"2008","journal-title":"AACN Adv. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-020-00204-3","article-title":"A review of current trends in three-dimensional analysis of left ventricular myocardial strain","volume":"18","author":"Nabeshima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ultrasound."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"101289","article-title":"Highlights of right ventricular characteristics of left ventricular noncompaction using 3D echocardiography","volume":"49","author":"Lakatos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2021.25905","article-title":"Left ventricular characteristics of noncompaction phenotype patients with good ejection fraction measured with cardiac magnetic resonance","volume":"25","author":"Kiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anatol. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pryds, K., Larsen, A.H., Hansen, M.S., Grondal, A.Y.K., Tougaard, R.S., Hansson, N.H., Clemmensen, T.S., Logstrup, B.B., Wiggers, H., and Kim, W.Y. (2019). Myocardial strain assessed by feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with a variety of cardiovascular diseases\u2014A comparison with echocardiography. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47775-4"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-020-00647-7","article-title":"Myocardial strain analysis of the right ventricle: Comparison of different cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiographic techniques","volume":"22","author":"Erley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew094","article-title":"Methodology of method comparison studies evaluating the validity of cardiac output monitors: A stepwise approach and checklist","volume":"116","author":"Montenij","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7105.422","article-title":"How to read a paper: Statistics for the non-statistician. II: \u201cSignificant\u201d relations and their pitfalls","volume":"315","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.05.095","article-title":"Left ventricular non-compaction: Prevalence in congenital heart disease","volume":"167","author":"Stahli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2011005000073","article-title":"Comparison between 2D and 3D echocardiography in the evaluation of reverse remodeling after CRT","volume":"97","author":"Hotta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"MT19-25","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.882507","article-title":"Statistical agreement of left ventricle measurements using cardiac magnetic resonance and 2D echocardiography in ischemic heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Gruszczynska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06316-3","article-title":"Baseline LV ejection fraction by cardiac magnetic resonance and 2D echocardiography after ST-elevation myocardial infarction\u2014Influence of infarct location and prognostic impact","volume":"30","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2008.00684.x","article-title":"Value of real time three-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"25","author":"Bicudo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.123711","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular mass and volumes by three-dimensional echocardiography in patients with or without wall motion abnormalities: Comparison against cine magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"94","author":"Pouleur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-019-0559-y","article-title":"Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance based evaluation of myocardial strain and relationship with late gadolinium enhancement","volume":"21","author":"Erley","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."}],"container-title":["Journal of Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2313-433X\/11\/6\/185\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:46:31Z","timestamp":1760031991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2313-433X\/11\/6\/185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jimaging11060185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jimaging11060185","relation":{},"ISSN":["2313-433X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2313-433X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}}}