{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T18:08:09Z","timestamp":1770142089724,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AR078877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR078877"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R21EB031185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21EB031185"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AR081344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR081344"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AR079442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR079442"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R56AR081017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56AR081017"]}]},{"name":"DFG","award":["SE 3272\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE 3272\/1-1"]}]},{"name":"DFG","award":["SE 3272\/6-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SE 3272\/6-1"]}]},{"name":"University Heidelberg Project Expanding Internationality"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a powerful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for assessing tissue composition in the human body. For imaging short-T2 tissues in the musculoskeletal (MSK) system, ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging plays a key role. However, UTE-based QSM (UTE-QSM) often involves repeated acquisitions, making it vulnerable to inter-scan motion. In this study, we investigate the effects of motion on UTE-QSM and introduce strategies to reduce motion-induced artifacts. Eight healthy male volunteers underwent UTE-QSM imaging of the knee joint, while an additional seven participated in imaging of the ankle joint. UTE-QSM was conducted using multiple echo acquisitions, including both UTE and gradient-recalled echoes, and processed using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) and morphology-enabled dipole inversion (MEDI) algorithms. To assess the impact of motion, datasets were reconstructed both with and without motion correction. Furthermore, we evaluated a two-step UTE-QSM approach that incorporates tissue boundary information. This method applies edge detection, excludes pixels near detected edges, and performs a two-step QSM reconstruction to reduce motion-induced streaking artifacts. In participants exhibiting substantial inter-scan motion, prominent streaking artifacts were evident. Applying motion registration markedly reduced these artifacts in both knee and ankle UTE-QSM. Additionally, the two-step UTE-QSM approach, which integrates tissue boundary information, further enhanced image quality by mitigating residual streaking artifacts. These results indicate that motion-induced errors near tissue boundaries play a key role in generating streaking artifacts in UTE-QSM. Inter-scan motion poses a fundamental challenge in UTE-QSM due to the need for multiple acquisitions. However, applying motion registration along with a two-step QSM approach that excludes tissue boundaries can effectively suppress motion-induced streaking artifacts, thereby improving the accuracy of musculoskeletal tissue characterization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging11100347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T11:42:49Z","timestamp":1759750969000},"page":"347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Motion in Ultrashort Echo Time Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping for Musculoskeletal Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Sedaghat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinil","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngkyoo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3597-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyungseok","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2019.06.003","article-title":"Magnetic Susceptibility and Paramagnetism-Based NMR","volume":"114\u2013115","author":"Parigi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. 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