{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T11:41:36Z","timestamp":1765971696305,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2018 ANZSA Hannahs Chance Sarcoma Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) are rare tumours, primarily treated with surgical resection. However, recurrences are frequent. Combining clinical factors with CT-derived radiomic features could enhance treatment stratification and personalization. This study aims to assess whether radiomic features provide additional prognostic value beyond clinicopathological features in patients with high-risk RPS treated with preoperative radiotherapy. This retrospective study included patients aged 18 or older with non-recurrent and non-metastatic RPS treated with preoperative radiotherapy between 2008 and 2016. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the impact of clinical and radiomic features on time to event outcomes. Predictive accuracy was assessed with c-statistics. Radiomic analysis was performed on the high-risk group (undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, well-differentiated\/de-differentiated liposarcoma or grade 2\/3 leiomyosarcoma). Seventy-two patients were included, with a median follow-up of 3.7 years, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 67%. Multivariable analysis showed older age (HR: 1.3 per 5-year increase, p = 0.04), grade 3 (HR: 180.3, p = 0.02), and larger tumours (HR: 4.0 per 10 cm increase, p = 0.02) predicted worse OS. In the higher-risk group, the c-statistic for the clinical model was 0.59 (time to distant metastasis (TDM)) and 0.56 (OS). Among 27 radiomic features, kurtosis improved OS prediction (c-statistic 0.69, p = 0.013), and Neighbourhood Gray-Tone Difference Matrix (NGTDM) busyness improved it to 0.73 (p = 0.036). Kurtosis also improved TDM prediction (c-statistic 0.72, p = 0.023). Radiomic features may complement clinicopathological factors in predicting overall survival and time to distant metastasis in high-risk retroperitoneal sarcoma. These exploratory findings warrant validation in larger, multi-institutional studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging11120450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1765811708000},"page":"450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applying Radiomics to Predict Outcomes in Patients with High-Grade Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Treated with Preoperative Radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0043-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adel","family":"Shahnam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Hardcastle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Gyorki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1806-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina M.","family":"Ingley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0411-0747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystel","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5596-9511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarat","family":"Chander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2496-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2061-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan","family":"Herschtal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Bressel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4305-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Service, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/ags3.12756","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics and Management of Primary Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: A Literature Review","volume":"8","author":"Yamagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. 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