{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:27:20Z","timestamp":1784550440277,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62266026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62266026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yunjindi Youth Research Fund Project","award":["KKK0202521060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KKK0202521060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the decline in self-consistency and limited spatial adaptability of traditional interpolation methods in complex terrain, this study proposes a terrain-constrained Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) interpolation method based on UAV point clouds. The method was tested in the southern margin of the Lufeng Dinosaur National Geopark, Yunnan Province, using ground points at different sampling densities (90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, and 10%), and compared with Spline, Kriging, ANUDEM, and IDW methods. Results show that the proposed method maintains the lowest RMSE and MAE across all densities, demonstrating higher stability and self-consistency and better preserving terrain undulations. This provides technical support for high-precision DEM reconstruction from UAV point clouds in complex terrain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging12010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T03:06:02Z","timestamp":1766718362000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Terrain-Constrained TIN Approach for High-Precision DEM Reconstruction Using UAV Point Clouds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ziye","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiping","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Application Engineering Research Center of Spatial Information Surveying and Mapping Technology in Plateau and Mountainous Areas Set by Universities in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"104157","article-title":"Verification of the accuracy of Sentinel-1 for DEM extraction error analysis under complex terrain conditions","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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