{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T10:21:30Z","timestamp":1768040490973,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["22-69-00231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-69-00231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The deployment of wireless seismic nodal systems necessitates the efficient identification of optimal locations for sensor installation, considering factors such as ground stability and the absence of interference. Semantic segmentation of satellite imagery has advanced significantly, and its application to this specific task remains unexplored. This work presents a baseline empirical evaluation of the U-Net architecture for the semantic segmentation of surfaces applicable for seismic sensor installation. We utilize a novel dataset of Sentinel-2 multispectral images, specifically labeled for this purpose. The study investigates the impact of pretrained encoders (EfficientNetB2, Cross-Stage Partial Darknet53\u2014CSPDarknet53, and Multi-Axis Vision Transformer\u2014MAxViT), different combinations of Sentinel-2 spectral bands (Red, Green, Blue (RGB), RGB+Near Infrared (NIR), 10-bands with 10 and 20 m\/pix spatial resolution, full 13-band), and a technique for improving small object segmentation by modifying the input convolutional layer stride. Experimental results demonstrate that the CSPDarknet53 encoder generally outperforms the others (IoU = 0.534, Precision = 0.716, Recall = 0.635). The combination of RGB and Near-Infrared bands (10 m\/pixel resolution) yielded the most robust performance across most configurations. Reducing the input stride from 2 to 1 proved beneficial for segmenting small linear objects like roads. The findings establish a baseline for this novel task and provide practical insights for optimizing deep learning models in the context of automated seismic nodal network installation planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging12010034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T11:11:21Z","timestamp":1767870681000},"page":"34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Empirical Evaluation of UNet for Segmentation of Applicable Surfaces for Seismic Sensor Installation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Uzdiaev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), 39, 14th Line, St. Petersburg 19917, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9121-894X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Astapova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), 39, 14th Line, St. Petersburg 19917, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Ronzhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), 39, 14th Line, St. Petersburg 19917, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Figurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, GNOSIS Mediterranean Institute for Management Science, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makama, A., Kuladinithi, K., and Timm-Giel, A. 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