{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:10:03Z","timestamp":1771935003597,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Henan Joint Fund for Science and Technology Research","award":["20240012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240012"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province","award":["26A520036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26A520036"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific Research Projects of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province","award":["26A520037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26A520037"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of the Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Swarm Systems, Ministry of Education","award":["ZZU-CISS-2024004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZU-CISS-2024004"]}]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application","award":["2025JYDSJ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JYDSJ01"]}]},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application","award":["2025JYDSJ04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JYDSJ04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin lesion segmentation has achieved notable progress in recent years; however, accurate delineation remains challenging due to complex backgrounds, ambiguous boundaries, and low lesion-to-skin contrast. To address these issues, we propose the lesion-aware triple-path feature fusion network (LTPNet), an end-to-end framework that progressively processes features through extraction, refinement, and aggregation stages. In the extraction stage, we incorporate a general foreground\u2013background attention to suppress background interference and accelerate model convergence. In the refinement stage, we introduce an attentive spatial modulator (ASM) to jointly exploit local structural cues and global semantic context for precise spatial modulation. We further develop a lesion-aware lite-gate attention (LALGA) module that performs local spatial feature modulation and global channel recalibration tailored to lesion characteristics. In the aggregation stage, we propose a triple-path feature fusion (TPFF) module that explicitly models feature relationships across scales via three complementary pathways: a common path (CP) for semantic consistency, a saliency path (SP) for highlighting co-activated regions, and a difference path (DP) for accentuating structural discrepancies. Extensive experiments on in-domain and cross-domain datasets show that LTPNet achieves superior segmentation accuracy with reasonable inference efficiency and model complexity, demonstrating its potential for efficient and reliable clinical decision support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging12030093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T10:14:44Z","timestamp":1771928084000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LTPNet: Lesion-Aware Triple-Path Feature Fusion Network for Skin Lesion Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3305-4622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yange","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3062-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2836-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongzhou","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Education Big Data Analysis and Application, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.130058","article-title":"AMST-Net: An adaptive multi-scale transformer dual encoder network for skin lesion segmentation","volume":"299","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. 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