{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:46:55Z","timestamp":1777895215969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal cancers account for roughly a quarter of global cancer incidence, and early detection through endoscopy has proven effective in reducing mortality. Multi-class endoscopic disease detection, however, faces three persistent challenges: feature redundancy from non-pathological content, severe illumination inconsistency across imaging modalities, and extreme scale variability with blurry boundaries. This paper introduces Endo-DET, a domain-specific detection framework addressing these challenges through three synergistic components. The Adaptive Lesion-Discriminative Filtering (ALDF) module achieves lesion-focused attention via sparse simplex projection, reducing complexity from O(N2) to O(\u03b1N2). The Global\u2013Local Illumination Modulation Neck (GLIM-Neck) enables illumination-aware multi-scale fusion through four cooperative mechanisms, maintaining stable performance across white-light endoscopy, narrow-band imaging, and chromoendoscopy. The Lesion-aware Unified Calibration and Illumination-robust Discrimination (LUCID) module uses dual-stream reciprocal modulation to integrate boundary-sensitive textures with global semantics while suppressing instrument artifacts. Experiments on EDD2020, Kvasir-SEG, PolypGen2021, and CVC-ClinicDB show that Endo-DET improves mAP50-95 over the DEIM baseline by 5.8, 10.8, 4.1, and 10.1 percentage points respectively, with mAP75 gains of 6.1, 10.3, 6.8, and 9.3 points, and Recall50-95 improvements of 10.9, 12.1, 11.1, and 11.5 points. Running at 330 FPS with TensorRT FP16 optimization, Endo-DET achieves consistent cross-dataset improvements while maintaining real-time capability, providing a methodological foundation for clinical computer-aided diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging12030112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:43:07Z","timestamp":1772808187000},"page":"112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endo-DET: A Domain-Specific Detection Framework for Multi-Class Endoscopic Disease Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2898-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijie","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renbin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00366-7","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Lifetime Risks of Developing and Dying from Gastrointestinal Cancers in 185 Countries: A Population-Based Systematic Analysis of GLOBOCAN","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. 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