{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:52:56Z","timestamp":1787161976687,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Semmelweis 250+ Excellence PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Semmelweis 250+ Excellence PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["Semmelweis 250+ Excellence PhD Scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Semmelweis 250+ Excellence PhD Scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01g9ty582","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac MRI (CMR) is the gold standard for diagnosing left ventricular excessive trabeculation (LVET), whereas echocardiography (Echo) often does not yield a definitive diagnosis. The use of ultrasound contrast material offers the potential for more accurate imaging of the trabecular system; however, we do not yet have diagnostic criteria developed specifically for contrast Echo (CE-Echo). We aimed to determine the role of CE-Echo in the diagnosis of LVET and to propose a novel method for quantifying trabeculation. We included 55 LVET subjects and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy Control subjects. All subjects underwent non-contrast Echo, CE-Echo, and CMR examinations. In addition to volumetric parameters and ejection fraction (EF), we measured the area of the trabeculated layer and its ratio to the LV area (Trab\/LV_area) on apical CE-Echo views. Based on the CMR-derived diagnosis, the Trab\/LV_area ratio identified individuals with LVET with high specificity (98%) and sensitivity (95%) when the average of the apical views reached 17% (AUC = 0.98), or when it exceeded 20% in at least one view (AUC = 0.96). The use of CE-Echo may assist in the quantitative diagnosis of LVET in addition to its morphological assessment, and the Trab_area\/LVarea may be a good additional criterion in the diagnosis of LVET.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging12040169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:11:18Z","timestamp":1776240678000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel, Contrast Echocardiography-Based Trabeculation Quantification Method in the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Excessive Trabeculation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9255-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krist\u00f3f Attila","family":"Farkas-S\u00fct\u0151","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0998-9268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Mester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00f3ra Kl\u00e1ra","family":"Gyul\u00e1nczi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krisztina","family":"Filipk\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajnalka","family":"V\u00e1g\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6514-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Merkely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sz\u0171cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.12.026","article-title":"Excessive Trabeculation of the Left Ventricle: JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging Expert Panel Paper","volume":"16","author":"Petersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. 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