{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T12:12:58Z","timestamp":1779106378571,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study provides an accurate assessment of radiotherapy-induced tissue changes in prostate cancer when relying solely on serum prostate-specific antigen kinetics. The current study aims to explore the role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and radiomic analyses. In this exploratory prospective study, 22 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging at three time points: pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and two months post-radiotherapy. Quantitative imaging analysis included total prostate volume, T2, apparent diffusion coefficient\u2014ADC, and T2* mapping, alongside T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted radiomic feature extraction. Longitudinal changes and dose correlations were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and linear mixed-effects models. Prostate volume increased from 44.22 \u00b1 21.26 cm3 at baseline to 51.11 \u00b1 22.36 cm3 mid-treatment (p &lt; 0.001) and decreased to 37.98 \u00b1 15.5626 cm3 post-treatment (p = 0.034), indicative of temporary radiation-induced glandular edema. T2 relaxation times decreased from 106.00 \u00b1 23.74 ms to 93.33 \u00b1 9.50 ms after therapy (p = 0.023), with androgen deprivation therapy influencing overall values (partial \u03b72 = 0.228, p = 0.028), while ADC and T2* remained largely stable (p &gt; 0.05). Radiomic features, particularly from DWI, exhibited subtle time- and dose-dependent variations. Radiation dose was significantly associated with volume and T2, but not with ADC or T2*. These findings suggest that quantitative MRI biomarkers combined with radiomic analysis may provide objective, non-invasive measures of early prostate cancer radiotherapy-induced changes. These imaging-derived metrics may capture early treatment-related tissue alterations and could provide exploratory signals for early treatment evaluation in prostate cancer, although their relationship with biochemical markers requires further validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging12050213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:25:16Z","timestamp":1779099916000},"page":"213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MRI-Derived Biomarkers and Radiomic Signatures for Early, Dose-Dependent Evaluation of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1290-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Bekou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0331-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Admir","family":"Mulita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy\/Oncology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis M.","family":"Koukourakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Courcoutsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0575-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasia","family":"Kotini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evlampia","family":"Psatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4831-870X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsakaldimis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3665-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Seimenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2324-699X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael I.","family":"Koukourakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy\/Oncology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Efstratios","family":"Karavasilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12407","article-title":"Prostate cancer: Measuring PSA","volume":"44","author":"Pezaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern. 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