{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T15:10:01Z","timestamp":1770563401360,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A cost-effective regularly structured three-dimensional (3D) printed grid phantom was developed to enable the quantification of machine-related magnetic resonance (MR) distortion. This phantom contains reference features, \u201cpoint-like\u201d objects, or vertices, which resulted from the intersection of mesh edges in 3D space. 3D distortions maps were computed by comparing the locations of corresponding features in both MR and computer tomography (CT) data sets using normalized cross correlation. Results are reported for six MRI scanners at both 1.5 T and 3.0 T field strengths within our institution. Mean Euclidean distance error for all MR volumes in this study, was less than 2 mm. The maximum detected error for the six scanners ranged from 2.4 mm to 6.9 mm. The conclusions in this study agree well with previous studies that indicated that MRI is quite accurate near the centre of the field but is more spatially inaccurate toward the edges of the magnetic field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging3030028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T10:33:14Z","timestamp":1500373994000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessment of Geometric Distortion in Six Clinical Scanners Using a 3D-Printed Grid Phantom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Maysam","family":"Jafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK"}]},{"given":"Yassir","family":"Jafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2310-7025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Miquel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Physics, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199410000-00016","article-title":"Characterization of spatial distortion in magnetic resonance imaging and its implications for stereotaxic surgery","volume":"35","author":"Sumanaweera","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.01.008","article-title":"A novel phantom and method for comprehensive 3-dimensional measurement and correction of geometric distortion in magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Magn. 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