{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T17:22:51Z","timestamp":1775150571786,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]],"date-time":"2017-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIA-1430427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIA-1430427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIA-1430428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIA-1430428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models are essential for a non-invasive analysis of phenotypic characteristics of plants. Previous limitations in 3D computer vision algorithms have led to a reliance on volumetric methods or expensive hardware to record plant structure. We present an image-based 3D plant reconstruction system that can be achieved by using a single camera and a rotation stand. Our method is based on the structure from motion method, with a SIFT image feature descriptor. In order to improve the quality of the 3D models, we segmented the plant objects based on the PlantCV platform. We also deducted the optimal number of images needed for reconstructing a high-quality model. Experiments showed that an accurate 3D model of the plant was successfully could be reconstructed by our approach. This 3D surface model reconstruction system provides a simple and accurate computational platform for non-destructive, plant phenotyping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging3030039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T07:12:50Z","timestamp":1505805170000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Novel Low Cost 3D Surface Model Reconstruction System for Plant Phenotyping"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7639-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suxing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Acosta-Gamboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argelia","family":"Lorence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 419, State University, AR 72467, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2004.02042.x","article-title":"Automatic quantification of morphological traits via three-dimensional measurement of Arabidopsis","volume":"38","author":"Kaminuma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"367","article-title":"Investigation of laser and ultrasonic ranging sensors for measurements of citrus canopy volume","volume":"18","author":"Tumbo","year":"2002","journal-title":"ASABE"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12670","DOI":"10.3390\/s140712670","article-title":"Automated analysis of barley organs using 3D laser scanning: An approach for high throughput phenotyping","volume":"14","author":"Paulus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulus, S., Dupuis, J., Mahlein, A.K., and Kuhlmann, H. 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