{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T02:54:58Z","timestamp":1763348098904,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]],"date-time":"2017-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting factors for maize (Zea mays L.) production worldwide. Over-fertilization of N may decrease yields and increase NO3\u2212 contamination of water. However, low N fertilization will decrease yields. The objective is to optimize the use of N fertilizers, to excel in yields and preserve the environment. The knowledge of factors affecting the mobility of N in the soil is crucial to determine ways to manage N in the field. Researchers developed several methods to use N efficiently relying on agronomic practices, the use of sensors and the analysis of digital images. These imaging sensors determine N requirements in plants based on changes in Leaf chlorophyll and polyphenolics contents, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Dark Green Color index (DGCI). Each method revealed limitations and the scope of future research is to draw N recommendations from the Dark Green Color Index (DGCI) technology. Results showed that more effort is needed to develop tools to benefit from DGCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging3040051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]],"date-time":"2017-11-14T10:58:32Z","timestamp":1510657112000},"page":"51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Nitrogen (N) Mineral Nutrition and Imaging Sensors for Determining N Status and Requirements of Maize"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Rhezali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Crop, Soil and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1299-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachid","family":"Lahlali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada"},{"name":"Currently Department of Crop Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d\u2019Agriculture de Mekn\u00e8s, BP\/S 40, Mekn\u00e8s 50001, Morocco"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"USDA (2017, November 10). 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