{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T16:02:14Z","timestamp":1760976134169,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["670629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["670629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main objective of electrical-property tomography (EPT) is to retrieve dielectric tissue parameters from      B ^  1 +     data as measured by a magnetic-resonance (MR) scanner. This is a so-called hybrid inverse problem in which data are defined inside the reconstruction domain of interest. In this paper, we discuss recent and new developments in EPT based on the contrast-source inversion (CSI) method. After a short review of the basics of this method, two- and three-dimensional implementations of CSI\u2013EPT are presented along with a very efficient variant of 2D CSI\u2013EPT called first-order induced current EPT (foIC-EPT). Practical implementation issues that arise when applying the method to measured data are addressed as well, and the limitations of a two-dimensional approach are extensively discussed. Tissue-parameter reconstructions of an anatomically correct male head model illustrate the performance of two- and three-dimensional CSI\u2013EPT. We show that 2D implementation only produces reliable reconstructions under very special circumstances, while accurate reconstructions can be obtained with 3D CSI\u2013EPT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging5020025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T11:19:58Z","timestamp":1549019998000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Developments in Electrical-Property Tomography Based on the Contrast-Source Inversion Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5427-7641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reijer","family":"Leijsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9004-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Circuits and Systems Group, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computes Science, 2628CD Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wyger","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-9732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0365-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Remis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Circuits and Systems Group, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computes Science, 2628CD Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.02.001","article-title":"Engineering for safety assurance in MRI: Analytical, numerical and experimental dosimetry","volume":"33","author":"Hartwig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. 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