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Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial light at night is a novel anthropogenic stressor. The resulting ecological light pollution affects a wide breadth of biological systems on many spatio-temporal scales, from individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. However, a widely-applicable measurement method for nocturnal light providing spatially resolved full-spectrum radiance over the full solid angle is still missing. Here, we explain the first step to fill this gap, by using a commercial digital camera with a fisheye lens to acquire vertical plane multi-spectral (RGB) images covering the full solid angle. We explain the technical and practical procedure and software to process luminance and correlated color temperature maps and derive illuminance. We discuss advantages and limitations and present data from different night-time lighting situations. The method provides a comprehensive way to characterize nocturnal light in the context of ecological light pollution. It is affordable, fast, mobile, robust, and widely-applicable by non-experts for field work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging5040046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T05:58:07Z","timestamp":1554789487000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Beyond All-Sky: Assessing Ecological Light Pollution Using Multi-Spectral Full-Sphere Fisheye Lens Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7596-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Jechow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Remote Sensing, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7014-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher C.M.","family":"Kyba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Remote Sensing, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5932-266X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"H\u00f6lker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1600377","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600377","article-title":"The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness","volume":"2","author":"Falchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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