{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:37:50Z","timestamp":1768995470432,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread deployment of facial recognition-based biometric systems has made facial presentation attack detection (face anti-spoofing) an increasingly critical issue. This survey thoroughly investigates facial Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) methods that only require RGB cameras of generic consumer devices over the past two decades. We present an attack scenario-oriented typology of the existing facial PAD methods, and we provide a review of over 50 of the most influenced facial PAD methods over the past two decades till today and their related issues. We adopt a comprehensive presentation of the reviewed facial PAD methods following the proposed typology and in chronological order. By doing so, we depict the main challenges, evolutions and current trends in the field of facial PAD and provide insights on its future research. From an experimental point of view, this survey paper provides a summarized overview of the available public databases and an extensive comparison of the results reported in PAD-reviewed papers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging6120139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T21:11:02Z","timestamp":1608066662000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["A Survey on Anti-Spoofing Methods for Facial Recognition with RGB Cameras of Generic Consumer Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-3112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuheng","family":"Ming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"L3i Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17042 La Rochelle, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Visani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L3i Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17042 La Rochelle, France"},{"name":"School of Information &amp; Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9658-0833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Muzzamil","family":"Luqman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L3i Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17042 La Rochelle, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Burie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L3i Laboratory, La Rochelle University, 17042 La Rochelle, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","article-title":"Eigenfaces for recognition","volume":"3","author":"Turk","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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