{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:03:00Z","timestamp":1769184180679,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper we consider radar approaches for breast cancer detection. The aim is to give a brief review of the main features of incoherent methods, based on beam-forming and Multiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithms, that we have recently developed, and to compare them with classical coherent beam-forming. Those methods have the remarkable advantage of not requiring antenna characterization\/compensation, which can be problematic in view of the close (to the breast) proximity set-up usually employed in breast imaging. Moreover, we proceed to an experimental validation of one of the incoherent methods, i.e., the I-MUSIC, using the multimodal breast phantom we have previously developed. While in a previous paper we focused on the phantom manufacture and characterization, here we are mainly concerned with providing the detail of the reconstruction algorithm, in particular for a new multi-step clutter rejection method that was employed and only barely described. In this regard, this contribution can be considered as a completion of our previous study. The experiments against the phantom show promising results and highlight the crucial role played by the clutter rejection procedure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging7020023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1612179648000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Incoherent Radar Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection and Experimental Validation against 3D Multimodal Breast Phantoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3332-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cuccaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6675-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Dell\u2019Aversano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5642-4035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ruvio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway 8, Ireland"},{"name":"Endowave Ltd., Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3207-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinta","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Medical Ultrasound Physics and Technology Group, School of Physics and Clinical &amp; Optometric Sciences, IEO, FOCAS, Technical University Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1808-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Solimene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy"},{"name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni-CNIT, 43124 Parma, Italy"},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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