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Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a non-destructive imaging technique that allows the rapid digitisation of internal and external structures of a sample in three dimensions and with great resolution. In this review, the strengths and weaknesses of some common imaging techniques applied in biological and biomedical fields, such as optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, are presented and compared with the micro-CT technique through five use cases. Finally, the ability of micro-CT to create non-destructively 3D anatomical and morphological data in sub-micron resolution and the necessity to develop complementary methods with other imaging techniques, in order to overcome limitations caused by each technique, is emphasised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging7090172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T11:39:03Z","timestamp":1630496343000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Micro-CT for Biological and Biomedical Studies: A Comparison of Imaging Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kleoniki","family":"Keklikoglou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"},{"name":"Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Arvanitidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"},{"name":"LifeWatch ERIC, 41071 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Chatzigeorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. 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