{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:34:08Z","timestamp":1760236448768,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"H2020 Laserlab Europe  [EC-GA 871124]","award":["2663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2663"]}]},{"name":"Tuscany Region, POR FSE 2014-2020 Giovanis\u00ec &quot;CNR4C&quot;","award":["249795"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["249795"]}]},{"name":"H2020 FETOPEN project \u201cDynamic\u201d","award":["EC-GA-863203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC-GA-863203"]}]},{"name":"NSRF 2014\u20132020 \u201cBIOIMAGING-GR\u201d","award":["MIS 5002755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS 5002755"]}]},{"name":"HELLAS CH","award":["MIS 5002735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS 5002735"]}]},{"name":"\u201cINNOVAPROTECT\u201d, Operational Program \u201cCompetitiveness, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation\u201d co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund)","award":["MIS 5030524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS 5030524"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Revealing precious hidden features by a completely non-invasive approach is one of the crucial issues in the Heritage Science field. In this regard, concealed fresco paintings still represent an analytical challenge. This paper addresses the specific issue in wall painting diagnostics by the photoacoustic (PA) imaging technique, already proven to be efficient in revealing underdrawings and internal stratigraphy in movable paintings on paper and canvas. A newly set-up reflection PA prototype was applied here for the first time to probe the charcoal, graphite and sinopia hidden sketch drawings in concealed (gypsum, limewash, overpainted) wall paintings. The results presented here push forward the frontiers of the PA imaging technique and point to its potential effectiveness of revealing hidden underdrawings in historical wall paintings with complex stratigraphy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging7120250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:28Z","timestamp":1638314548000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Revealing Underdrawings in Wall Paintings of Complex Stratigraphy with a Novel Reflectance Photoacoustic Imaging Prototype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Antonina","family":"Chaban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics INO-CNR, 50125 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-3472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George J.","family":"Tserevelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgenia","family":"Klironomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics INO-CNR, 50125 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giannis","family":"Zacharakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0790-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Striova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Optics INO-CNR, 50125 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Thompson, D.V. 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