{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:24:21Z","timestamp":1764588261476,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The behaviour of subsurface-reservoir porous rocks is a central topic in the resource engineering industry and has relevant applications in hydrocarbon, water production, and CO2 sequestration. One of the key open issues is the effect of deformation on the hydraulic properties of the host rock and, specifically, in saturated environments. This paper presents a novel full-field data set describing the hydro-mechanical properties of porous geomaterials through in situ neutron and X-ray tomography. The use of high-performance neutron imaging facilities such as CONRAD-2 (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin) allows the tracking of the fluid front in saturated samples, making use of the differential neutron contrast between \u201cnormal\u201d water and heavy water. To quantify the local hydro-mechanical coupling, we applied a number of existing image analysis algorithms and developed an array of bespoke methods to track the water front and calculate the 3D speed maps. The experimental campaign performed revealed that the pressure-driven flow speed decreases, in saturated samples, in the presence of pre-existing low porosity heterogeneities and compactant shear-bands. Furthermore, the observed complex mechanical behaviour of the samples and the associated fluid flow highlight the necessity for 3D imaging and analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging7120275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1639474465000},"page":"275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterisation of Single-Phase Fluid-Flow Heterogeneity Due to Localised Deformation in a Porous Rock Using Rapid Neutron Tomography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7694-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddi","family":"Etxegarai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6127-7658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Tudisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geotechnical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0320-3340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tengattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2609-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gioacchino","family":"Viggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 3SR, 38000 Grenoble, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0980-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolay","family":"Kardjilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), 14109 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5232-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), 223 70 Lund, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Viggiani, G., and Hall, S.A. (2012). Full-Field Measurements in Experimental Geomechanics: Historical Perspective, Current Trends and Recent Results, ALERT Doctoral School."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Viggiani, G., and Tengattini, A. (2019, January 1). 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