{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T23:21:34Z","timestamp":1767914494250,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Foundation for Innovation","award":["20994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20994"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN 201409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN 201409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Ontario Research Fund","award":["ICDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICDC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While ultrasound (US) guidance has been used during central venous catheterization to reduce complications, including the puncturing of arteries, the rate of such problems remains non-negligible. To further reduce complication rates, mixed-reality systems have been proposed as part of the user interface for such procedures. We demonstrate the use of a surgical navigation system that renders a calibrated US image, and the needle and its trajectory, in a common frame of reference. We compare the effectiveness of this system, whereby images are rendered on a planar monitor and within a head-mounted display (HMD), to the standard-of-care US-only approach, via a phantom-based user study that recruited 31 expert clinicians and 20 medical students. These users performed needle-insertions into a phantom under the three modes of visualization. The success rates were significantly improved under HMD-guidance as compared to US-guidance, for both expert clinicians (94% vs. 70%) and medical students (70% vs. 25%). Users more consistently positioned their needle closer to the center of the vessel\u2019s lumen under HMD-guidance compared to US-guidance. The performance of the clinicians when interacting with this monitor system was comparable to using US-only guidance, with no significant difference being observed across any metrics. The results suggest that the use of an HMD to align the clinician\u2019s visual and motor fields promotes successful needle guidance, highlighting the importance of continued HMD-guidance research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging8010007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T20:21:56Z","timestamp":1641759716000},"page":"7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Towards a First-Person Perspective Mixed Reality Guidance System for Needle Interventions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Groves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8263-3420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1440-7488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4198-3336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvis C. S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"},{"name":"Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011883","article-title":"Preventing Complications of Central Venous Catheterization","volume":"348","author":"McGee","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta7120","article-title":"The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ultrasound locating devices for central venous access: A systematic review and economic evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Calvert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Technol. 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