{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:31:58Z","timestamp":1762918318150,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photo Response Non-Uniformity (PRNU) is reputed the most successful trace to identify the source of a digital video. However, its effectiveness is mainly limited by compression and the effect of recently introduced electronic image stabilization on several devices. In the last decade, several approaches were proposed to overcome both these issues, mainly by selecting those video frames which are considered more informative. However, the two problems were always treated separately, and the combined effect of compression and digital stabilization was never considered. This separated analysis makes it hard to understand if achieved conclusions still stand for digitally stabilized videos and if those choices represent a general optimum strategy to perform video source attribution. In this paper, we explore whether an optimum strategy exists in selecting frames based on their type and their positions within the groups of pictures. We, therefore, systematically analyze the PRNU contribute provided by all frames belonging to either digitally stabilized or not stabilized videos. Results on the VISION dataset come up with some insights into optimizing video source attribution in different use cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging8030057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T10:00:40Z","timestamp":1645783240000},"page":"57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["PRNU-Based Video Source Attribution: Which Frames Are You Using?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2651-6211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Commission\u2014DG Joint Research Centre, 21027 Ispra, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5501-4667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Iuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"FORLAB, Multimedia Forensics Laboratory, PIN Scrl, Piazza G. Ciardi 25, 59100 Prato, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3047-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Piva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Via di S. Marta 3, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"FORLAB, Multimedia Forensics Laboratory, PIN Scrl, Piazza G. Ciardi 25, 59100 Prato, Italy"},{"name":"National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT), Viale Usberti, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2006.873602","article-title":"Digital camera identification from sensor pattern noise","volume":"1","author":"Lukas","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68190E","DOI":"10.1117\/12.766732","article-title":"Camera identification from scaled and cropped images","volume":"6819","author":"Goljan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Secur. Forensics Steganography Watermark. Multimed. Contents X"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caldelli, R., Amerini, I., Picchioni, F., and Innocenti, M. (2010, January 12\u201315). 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