{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:53:16Z","timestamp":1760147596182,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Translational research is aimed at turning discoveries from basic science into results that advance patient treatment. The translation of technical solutions into clinical use is a complex, iterative process that involves different stages of design, development, and validation, such as the identification of unmet clinical needs, technical conception, development, verification and validation, regulatory matters, and ethics. For this reason, many promising technical developments at the interface of technology, informatics, and medicine remain research prototypes without finding their way into clinical practice. Augmented reality is a technology that is now making its breakthrough into patient care, even though it has been available for decades. In this work, we explain the translational process for Medical AR devices and present associated challenges and opportunities. To the best knowledge of the authors, this concept paper is the first to present a guideline for the translation of medical AR research into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9020044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:37:24Z","timestamp":1676432244000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Translation of Medical AR Research into Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Seibold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research in Orthopedic Computer Science, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Technical University Munich, DE-85748 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Spirig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hooman","family":"Esfandiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research in Orthopedic Computer Science, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mazda","family":"Farshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"F\u00fcrnstahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research in Orthopedic Computer Science, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10967","DOI":"10.2196\/10967","article-title":"Augmented Reality in Medicine: Systematic and Bibliographic Review","volume":"7","author":"Eckert","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-021-02369-2","article-title":"Towards markerless surgical tool and hand pose estimation","volume":"16","author":"Hein","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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