{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:19:34Z","timestamp":1777385974630,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Echolight Spa"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine the short-term intra-operator precision and inter-operator repeatability of radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) at the lumbar spine (LS) and proximal femur (FEM). All patients underwent an ultrasound scan of the LS and FEM. Both precision and repeatability, expressed as root-mean-square coefficient of variation (RMS-CV) and least significant change (LSC) were obtained using data from two consecutive REMS acquisitions by the same operator or two different operators, respectively. The precision was also assessed in the cohort stratified according to BMI classification. The mean (\u00b1SD) age of our subjects was 48.9 \u00b1 6.8 for LS and 48.3 \u00b1 6.1 for FEM. Precision was assessed on 42 subjects at LS and 37 subjects on FEM. Mean (\u00b1SD) BMI was 24.71 \u00b1 4.2 for LS and 25.0 \u00b1 4.84 for FEM. Respectively, the intra-operator precision error (RMS-CV) and LSC resulted in 0.47% and 1.29% at the spine and 0.32% and 0.89% at the proximal femur evaluation. The inter-operator variability investigated at the LS yielded an RMS-CV error of 0.55% and LSC of 1.52%, whereas for the FEM, the RMS-CV was 0.51% and the LSC was 1.40%. Similar values were found when subjects were divided into BMI subgroups. REMS technique provides a precise estimation of the US-BMD independent of subjects\u2019 BMI differences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9060118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T01:28:21Z","timestamp":1686533301000},"page":"118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Short-Term Precision and Repeatability of Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry (REMS) on Lumbar Spine and Proximal Femur: An In Vivo Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso, 173, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Gitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso, 173, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso, 173, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Specializzazione in Radiodiagnostica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Guagliardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Specializzazione in Radiodiagnostica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Piazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Specializzazione in Radiodiagnostica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacopo Carlo","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scuola di Specializzazione in Radiodiagnostica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso, 173, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca Maria","family":"Sconfienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso, 173, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2001). 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